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Heritage Science
Fig. 3 | Heritage Science

Fig. 3

From: Isotopic composition of lead white pigments on qeros: implications for the chronology and production of Andean ritual drinking vessels during the colonial era

Fig. 3

Lead isotope composition of central Andean ores, European lead white paints, and lead white pigments from colonial qeros. Although lead white pigments from Groups 1 and 2 plot within the range of isotopic signatures measured on Andean ore deposits, they coincide extremely well with the specific ranges of Pb isotope ratios that characterize contemporary European lead white paints. Thus, we suggest they derive from European and not Andean sources. In contrast, pigments in Group 3 have isotopic ratios that not only separate them from European lead white paints, but also that are very typical for ores in the central Andes (compare to data in Macfarlane and Lechtman [62], see text for additional discussion). Ore data were compiled from refs [62, 66,67,68,69]. Data on European lead white paints are the same as displayed in Fig. 2. Symbols are larger than errors

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