Isotopic composition of lead white pigments on qeros: implications for the chronology and production of Andean ritual drinking vessels during the colonial era

Heritage Science

Table 1 Isotopic ratios of lead white on qeros

Museum ID	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb
*Group 1 (European source inferred)*
AMNH B9165^a	2.0968	1.1726	18.376	15.671	38.531
BMA 36.356	2.0971	1.1725	18.375	15.672	38.533
NMAI 06/5838	2.0969	1.1726	18.374	15.670	38.529
Average	2.0969	1.1726	18.375	15.671	38.531
2 SD	0.0002	0.0001	0.001	0.002	0.004
*Group 2 (European source inferred)*
AMNH B9180^a	2.0852	1.1790	18.422	15.625	38.414
BMA 64.210.2	2.0869	1.1775	18.414	15.639	38.429
BMA 1993.2	2.0867	1.1773	18.409	15.637	38.413
MMA 1994.35.13	2.0865	1.1773	18.411	15.638	38.414
Private collection A	2.0850	1.1798	18.435	15.626	38.436
Average	2.0861	1.1782	18.418	15.633	38.421
2 SD	0.0017	0.0023	0.021	0.014	0.021
*Group 3 (Andean source inferred)*
AMNH B1848^a	2.0727	1.1929	18.666	15.648	38.690
AMNH 41.2/516 -spot 1	2.0731	1.1912	18.632	15.640	38.625
AMNH 41.2/516 -spot 2	2.0728	1.1915	18.635	15.640	38.624
AMNH 41.2/602	2.0724	1.1916	18.631	15.636	38.610
AMNH 41.2/7659A	2.0727	1.1915	18.633	15.638	38.618
BMA 42.149	2.0721	1.1920	18.643	15.642	38.633
MMA 1994.35.25	2.0722	1.1921	18.644	15.639	38.635
MMA 1994.35.26^a	2.0726	1.1915	18.634	15.639	38.621
NMAI 06/5837	2.0727	1.1916	18.635	15.637	38.624
NMAI 10/5636	2.0726	1.1917	18.633	15.637	38.617
NMAI 16/6131	2.0730	1.1914	18.634	15.640	38.627
NMAI 17/5445	2.0730	1.1913	18.631	15.640	38.622
Private collection B	2.0725	1.1915	18.632	15.638	38.615
Average	2.0726	1.1917	18.637	15.640	38.628
2 SD	0.0006	0.0009	0.019	0.006	0.040