Table 1 Archaeological events related to Chinese ceramic bowls

More than 9,000 years old (Paleolithic)

Pottery Fragments from Cave Sites in the Southern Region

–

5000–6000 BC (Neolithic period)

Pottery bowl unearthed in 1975 at the Peiligang culture site (裴李岗文化遗址) in Xinzheng City, Henan Province

4000–2000 B.C (Middle Neolithic-Yangshao Culture Period) (仰韶文化)

A group of pottery bowls were excavated in 1921 in the village of Yangshao, Mixed Chi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. Characteristics include a clay large-mouthed, rim-bottomed or flat-bottomed bowl with a bulging belly or sloping-walled flat base

2550–2195 B.C

(Late Neolithic-Qujialing Culture)

(屈家岭文化)

In 1954, a group of pottery bowls were unearthed at Qujialing, Jingshan City, Hubei Province, with features including a large open mouth, curved belly, rimmed foot, sloping wall, flat bottom, large open mouth, and curved belly bowl

220–280 A.D

(Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms Period)

A group of ceramic bowls were unearthed in Hubei Province, with features including open mouths, curved walls, and flat or false rim bowls

420–589 A.D

(Northern and Southern Dynasties Period)

A number of porcelain bowls have been unearthed throughout China. Some of the bowls were excavated in blue and white porcelain, black porcelain and white porcelain. Characteristics include straight mouths, rounded lips, inner lower bellies, and round cake-shaped feet

960–1127 AD

(Northern Song Dynasty)

A group of Northern Song porcelain bowls were unearthed from kiln site No. 1 in Gongle County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, and their special features include an aoi mouth, a sloping curved belly, a slightly curved inner base, a rimmed foot, and an extremely shallow dug foot

1127–1279 AD

(Southern Song Dynasty)

A group of Southern Song dynasty blue and white porcelain bowls, characterized by a wide mouth with a rounded lip, a curved belly, and a rimmed foot, were unearthed in 2019 from the site of the old station where the Panfo Temple site (番佛寺遗址) is located in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province

1271–1368 A.D

(Yuan Dynasty period)

At Panfo Temple site, a group of Yuan dynasty celadon bowls were unearthed, characterized by a rounded lip, a wide mouth, a curved belly, and a rounded foot. The inner base is molded with a double-fish design, and the outer wall is incised with a petal design

1368–1644 AD

(Ming Dynasty period)

In 2007, a group of Ming dynasty blue-and-white porcelain bowls characterized by deep bellies, flared mouths, and slanting curved bellies were unearthed from the Mafankeng site (马饭坑窑址) in Longshan Town, Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province

1616–1912 AD

(Qing Dynasty period)

A group of Qing dynasty porcelain bowls unearthed in 2019 from the Wandiedun No.1 site (碗碟墩一号窑址), Jiangle County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, China, with features including a rounded lip, an open mouth, a curved belly, and a rimmed foot. The inner and outer walls are covered with white glaze, and the inner bottom is covered with an astringent circle