Fig. 2

The flowchart of the PLM-Segformer framework. a The PLM dataset is established by digital camera acquisition and manual annotation. It has been subsequently divided into the training set, validation set, and test set. Then, b various pre-processing methods and c loss functions are compared to find the best way to build the damage segmentation models. Finally, d test-time enhancement methods and e post-processing methods are used to optimize the prediction results in the inference phase