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Table 3 Comparison of different loss functions on the PLM validation set

From: Automatic damage identification of Sanskrit palm leaf manuscripts with SegFormer

Method	class IoU (%)					mIoU (%)
Method	INC	BRE	FIB	CON	IMP	mIoU (%)
CE loss	54.8	34.7	41.4	29.8	91.8	50.5
WCE loss	56.5	41.6	42.6	34.6	93.7	53.8
Focal loss	54.4	39.6	33.9	28.5	93.0	49.9
Dice loss	26.1	8.2	11.1	24.7	16.6	17.3
Combo loss	57.0	42.7	43.4	33.8	93.5	54.1

For comparing loss functions, the resizing and cropping method with a crop size of 512 × 768 was used in all experiments. Best scores are highlighted in bold

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