The use of predominance area diagrams (PAD) to determine the oxygen and sulfur fugacities prevailing during historical metallurgical processes: the case of fifteenth to seventeenth century copper slags from Polichno (Old Polish industrial district)

Heritage Science

Table 6 Liquidus temperatures and oxygen and sulfur fugacities at which slag formation was possible at selected locations

Location	Time	Smelting/liquidus temperature [°C]	Temperature determination method	\(\text{logP}_{{\text{O}}_2}\) provided by the authors	Oxygen fugacity [\(\text{logP}_{{\text{O}}_2}\)]	Sulfur fugacity [\(\text{logP}_{{\text{S}}_2}\)]
Location	Time	Smelting/liquidus temperature [°C]	Temperature determination method	\(\text{logP}_{{\text{O}}_2}\) provided by the authors	Based on PADs*
Polichno	Fifteenth to seventeenth century	1100–1200			− 4.30 to − 13.93	− 2.50 to − 6.59
Kondratów and Leszczyna, Poland [3]	Eighteenth to twentieth century	1210–1400	MELTS-Rhyolite software combined with geothermometers and petrological observations	QMF buffer no values given	− 3.00 to − 12.40	− 3.87 to − 5.77
Marsiliana, Italy [18]	Thirteenth to fourteenth century	1150–1300	Phase composition	no values given	− 3.58 to − 13.20	− 1.87 to − 7.68
Cabrières, France [2]	3rd millennium BC	1000–1200	Phase composition	at least -6	− 4.30 to − 15.57	− 5.01 to − 7.43
Crete [1]	Bronze Age	1150–1300	Phase diagrams	− 7 to − 9.5 (1300 °C)	− 3.58 to − 13.20	− 4.81 to − 6.21