Table 3 Analysis of historical samples and synthetic samples for identification using Raman spectroscopy or free arsenic and copper as well as arsenic speciation
Sample | Description | ID by Raman | Free As(III) ug/mg | Free As(V) ug/mg | % of As(V) | Free Cu ug/mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | Rowney & Co Emerald green oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green | 0.19 | ND | ND | 0.23 |
S2 | Winsor & Newton Limited, Emerald green oil paint tube, post 1882 | Emerald green | 1.65 | ND | ND | 0.56 |
S3 | Winsor & Newton Limited, Emerald green oil paint tube, post 1882 | Emerald/Scheele’s green | 1.22 | ND | ND | 0.33 |
S4 | George Rowney & Co Emerald green watercolour paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S5 | Newman’s Emerald green watercolour cake, date unknown | Emerald green | 13.82 | 1.38 | 10.0 | 2.35 |
S6 | Barnard’s & son, Emerald green oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green | 0.36 | ND | ND | 0.08 |
S7 | Winsor & newton, Emerald green Illuminating colours, date unknown | Emerald green/cobalt yellow | 23.68 | 6.23 | 26.3 | 2.24 |
S8 | Acme quality paints Inc. Paris green poison, date unknown | Emerald/Scheele’s green | 6.04 | 1.13 | 18.7 | 0.20 |
S9 | Acme quality paints Inc. Paris green poison, date unknown | Emerald green | 12.84 | 0.72 | 5.6 | 0.21 |
S10 | Bourgeois Aine, Emerald green Gouache colours, date unknown | Emerald green | 35.72 | 3.94 | 11.0 | 0.84 |
S11 | Lefranc et Cie, Vert Veronese, oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S12 | Lefranc et Cie, Vert Veronese, oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green/Cerussite? | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S13 | Lefranc et Cie, Vert Veronese, oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S14 | Lefranc et Cie, Vert Veronese, oil paint tube, date unknown | Emerald/Scheele’s green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S15 | Bourgeois Aine, Unknown pigment, Gouache colours, date unknown | Emerald/Scheele’s green | 13.48 | 17.65 | 131.0 | 5.75 |
S16 | French 1858 papier peint (wallpaper) catalogue sample | Emerald/Scheele’s green/unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S17 | Chipman Chemical company Inc, Paris green poison, date unknown | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S18 | The poetical works of William Cowper, 1864, green spine | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S19 | Die Technik der Olmalerei, 1911, W&N Emerald green sample paint | No Arsenic | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S20 | A Descriptive Handbook of Modern Water-Colour Pigments, W&N, 1887 | Emerald green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S21 | Éléments de physiologie végétale et de botanique, 1815, 1er tableaux, plate 11 | Scheele’s green | NA | NA | NA | NA |
S22 | Velvotint Emerald powder colour, J. Barnard & Son | Emerald green | 9.49 | 1.07 | 11.3 | 0.58 |
S23 | Vert de Scheele, oil paint, Richard Aine Paris | Calcite/Unknown | ND | ND | ND | 0.13 |
A | Emerald green synthesis | Emerald green | 24.87 | ND | ND | 0.19 |
B | Trippkeite Synthesis in 1M acetic acid | Emerald/Scheele’s green | 34.62 | ND | ND | 0.30 |
C | Trippkeite Synthesis in water | Scheele’s green | 8.49 | ND | ND | 0.35 |
D1 | Scheele’s Synthesis | Unknown | 5.36 | 18.54 | 345.8 | 0.04 |
D2 | Scheele’s Synthesis | Unknown | 9.65 | 13.02 | 134.9 | 0.16 |
D3 | Scheele’s Synthesis | Unknown | 17.02 | 0.46 | 2.7 | 5.07 |
E | Scheele’s Synthesis | Unknown | 20.76 | 9.33 | 45.0 | 0.22 |
G | Scheele’s Synthesis | Scheele’s green | 49.25 | 0.20 | 0.4 | 0.21 |
H | Scheele’s Synthesis | Unknown | 0.99 | 0.16 | 16.3 | 0.12 |