Table 1 Materials identified on the allegories by spectroscopies FORS and XRF, as well as pigment mixtures observed to produce different hues
From: Saturnino Herrán’s portable murals: symbolism, material agency and conservation
Color | XRF | FORS spectral features |
|---|---|---|
Blue hues | Al, Si | Ultramarine 490 nm–520 nm 600 nm, 720 nm |
Red hues | – | cochineal lake 522 nm 567 nm |
Yellow hues | Cd | cadmium yellow 470 nm |
Green hues | Cr | viridian green 625 nm 720 nm |
White hues | Pb, Zn | lead white 1208 nm 1448 nm zinc white 384 nm |
Fine mortar | Ca, S | Gypsum 1449 nm, 1490 nm, 1535 nm 1943 nm, 1978 nm |
Binder | – | 1726 nm 1762 nm 2310 nm 2350 nm |
Hues | XRF | Pigment mixtures |
Yellowish hues | Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn | cadmium yellow, viridian, lead & zinc white |
Orange hues | Cd, Pb | cadmium yellow & lead white |
Pink hues | Pb, Zn | cochineal lake, lead & zinc white |
Violet hues | Pb, Al, Si | ultramarine, cochineal lake & lead white |
Skin tones | Cd, Pb, Cr, Al, Si | lead white, cochineal lake, ultramarine, cadmium yellow & viridian |