Table 2 Mechanical properties of Vasa oak[23]
Source | Position | Parameter | Average | Standard deviation | No. of samples | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STRENGTH [σ] | [σ] | [MPa] | [MPa] | [−] | ||
Tensile strength in longitudinal (L) direction | ||||||
Bjurhager et al. [28] | σL,tensile | 47.4 | 12.7 | 175 | u = 7.8 (0.5)%, PEG content 11.7 (17.3)% | |
Bjurhager et al. [8] | σL,tensile | 37.6 | 15.7 | 126 | ||
Bjurhager et al. [8] | σL,tensile | 59.9 | 24.6 | 121 | ||
Bjurhager et al. [8] | σL,tensile | 44.1 | 25.5 | 91 | ||
Compression strength in longitudinal (L) direction | ||||||
Thunell [24] | σL,compr. | 17.0 | - | 10 | Measured in watersat. cond (u = 132%), no PEG | |
Ljungdahl [9] | σL,compr. | 39.7 | - | - | u = 7%, PEG content unknown | |
Ljungdahl [9] | σL,compr. | 26.2 | - | - | u = 8%, PEG content unknown | |
Compression strength in radial (R) direction | ||||||
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | σR,compr. | 8.5 | 1.0 | 7 | u = 9.7 (0.9)%, PEG content 30.5 (3.0)% | |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | (centre) | σR,compr. | 12.9 | 3.7 | 10 | u = 12.5 (1.3)%, PEG content 2.8 (3.4)% |
Burman et al. [30] | (centre) | σR,compr. | 6.0 | 2.3 | 5 | u = 8.9 (1.8)%, PEG content unknown |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | (surface) | σR,compr. | 11.6 | 4.9 | 10 | u = 11.8 (0.6)%, PEG content 11.1 (12.1)% |
Burman et al. [30] | (surface) | σR,compr. | 5.8 | 3.9 | 5 | u = 8.8 (1.9)%, PEG content unknown |
Compression strength in tangential (T) direction | ||||||
Ljungdahl [9] | σT,compr. | 14.3 | - | - | u = 7%, PEG content unknown | |
Ljungdahl [9] | σT,compr. | 11.1 | - | - | u = 8%, PEG content unknown | |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | σT,compr. | 5.6 | 1.0 | 7 | u = 9.4 (0.3)%, PEG content 25.7 (2.6)% | |
Modulus of rupture | ||||||
Thunell [24] | MOR | 34.0 | - | 10 | Measured in watersat. cond. (μ 132%) | |
STIFFNESS [MOE] | [E] | [GPa] | [GPa] | [−] | ||
Compression and tensile MOE in radial (R), tangential (T) and longitudinal (L) direction | ||||||
Bjurhager et al. [28] | EL,tensile | 7.40 | 1.30 | 175 | u = 7.8 (0.5)%, PEG content 11.7 (17.3)% | |
Ljungdahl [9] | EL,compr. | 9.50 | - | - | u = 7% (PEG content unknown) | |
Ljungdahl [9] | EL,compr. | 5.60 | - | - | u = 8% (PEG content unknown) | |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | ER,compr. | 0.95 | 0.09 | 7 | u = 9.7 (0.9)%, PEG content 30.5 (3.0)% | |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | (centre) | ER,compr. | 1.29 | 0.40 | 10 | u = 12.5 (1.3)%, PEG content 2.8 (3.4)% |
Burman et al. [30] | (centre) | ER,compr. | 0.80 | 0.40 | 5 | u = 8.9 (1.8)%, PEG content unknown |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | (surface) | ER,compr. | 1.10 | 0.39 | 10 | u = 11.8 (0.6)%, PEG content 11.1 (12.1)% |
Burman et al. [30] | (surface) | ER,compr. | 0.70 | 0.50 | 5 | u = 8.8 (1.9)%, PEG content unknown |
Ljungdahl [9] | ET,compr. | 1.10 | - | - | u = 7%, PEG content unknown | |
Ljungdahl [9] | ET,compr. | 1.10 | - | - | u = 8%, PEG content unknown | |
Ljungdahl and Berglund [29] | ET,compr. | 0.72 | 0.16 | 7 | u = 9.4% (0.3), PEG content 25.7% (2.6) | |