Micromorphological and chemical elucidation of the degradation mechanisms of birch bark archaeological artefacts

Orsini, Sibilla; Ribechini, Erika; Modugno, Francesca; Klügl, Johanna; Di Pietro, Giovanna; Colombini, Maria Perla

doi:10.1186/s40494-015-0032-7

Heritage Science

Table 2 Compounds identified by GC/MS in reference and in archaeological birch bark

From: Micromorphological and chemical elucidation of the degradation mechanisms of birch bark archaeological artefacts

Peak no.	Compound	m/z peak	MW
1	suberic acid	303, 259, 217, 187	318
2	vanillic acid	312, 297, 282, 267, 253	312
3	azelaic acid	317, 273, 201	332
4	sebacic acid	331, 287, 215	346
5	cis-ferulic acid	338, 323, 308, 293	338
6	p-coumaric acid	308, 293, 249, 219	308
7	palmitic acid	313, 269, 145, 129, 117	328
8	trans-ferulic acid	338, 323, 308, 293	338
9	linoleic acid	337, 293, 145, 129, 117	352
10	oleic acid	339, 295, 145, 129, 117	354
11	stearic acid	341, 297, 145, 129, 117	356
12	ω-hydroxy-C16 acid	401, 385, 311, 217, 204, 147	416
13	C20 acid	384, 369, 145, 129, 117	384
14	α,ω- C16 dioic acid	415, 299, 217, 204, 147	430
15	ω-hydroxy-C18:1 acid	442, 427, 411, 337, 217, 204, 147	442
16	isomer of ω-hydroxy-C18:1 acid	442, 427, 411, 337, 217, 204, 147	442
17	ω,x-dihydroxy-C16 acid	489, 383, 331, 317, 303, 289, 275	504
18	ω-hydroxy-C18 acid	429, 413, 339, 217, 204, 147	444
19	C22 acid	412, 397, 145, 129, 117	412
20	α,ω- C18:1 dioic acid	456, 441, 366, 276	456
21	α,ω- C18 dioic acid	458, 443, 368, 278	458
22	unidentified	515, 343, 329
23	9,10-dihydroxy- C18:1 acid	515, 425, 343, 329, 315	530
24	ω-hydroxy-C20:1 acid	470, 455, 439, 365, 217, 204, 147	470
25	9,10-dihydroxy- C18 acid	517, 443,359, 345, 331, 303	532
26	ω-hydroxy-C20 acid	457, 441, 367, 217, 204, 147	472
27	9-methoxy-10,18-dihydroxy- C18 acid*	547, 332, 317, 303	562
28	9,10,18- trihydroxy- C18 acid	605, 471, 390, 317, 303	620
29	9-methoxy-10-hydroxy- C18-1,18-dioic acid*	551,515, 441, 317, 303	576
30	9,10-dihydroxy- C18-1,18-dioic acid	619, 545, 373, 317, 303	634
31	ω-hydroxy-C22 acid	485, 469, 395, 217, 204	500
32	α,ω- C22 dioic acid	499, 383, 217, 204	514
33	friedelin	426, 411, 315, 207, 189	426
34	lupeol	498, 483, 393, 369, 203, 189	498
35	betulone	422, 409, 203, 189	512
36	betulin	596, 496, 483, 393, 203, 189	596
37	betulinic acid	600, 585, 512, 483, 203, 189	600
38	lupenone	424, 409, 313, 245, 205	424

*The epoxy compounds were converted into corresponding methoxyhydrin compounds during hydrolysis in the presence of methanol.
Compounds were identified as TMS ester and ether derivates. Numbers refer to the peak numbers in the chromatograms shown in Figure 4, Figures 6,7,8 and Figure 10.

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