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Table 3 Chemical composition of the samples - Major and minor elements

From: Archaeological and archaeometric study of the glass finds from the ancient harbour of Classe (Ravenna- Italy): new evidence

Group

Sample

Context

Macro-type

Type

Technique

SiO 2

Na 2 O

CaO

Al 2 O 3

Fe 2 O 3

MnO

TiO 2

MgO

K 2 O

P 2 O 5

SO 3

Cl

CL1a

D1

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96

EPMA

63.71

18.45

6.22

3.07

3.17

1.87

0.60

1.53

0.54

0.10

0.26

1.07

CL1a

D3

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96

EPMA

65.63

18.66

5.86

2.42

3.12

2.12

0.31

0.97

0.43

0.06

0.06

1.30

CL1a

D5

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96

XRF+ EPMA

64.30

17.76

5.59

2.97

3.52

1.85

0.62

1.20

0.45

0.14

0.25

1.20

CL1a

A2

Building 6

waste

waste

XRF+ EPMA

64.73

17.71

6.11

3.1

3.4

1.17

0.54

1.37

0.53

0.13

0.21

1.30

CL1a

BLS

Building 6

waste

waste

XRF+ EPMA

64.56

16.54

6.05

3.08

3.84

2.08

0.62

1.35

0.50

0.16

0.25

1.09

CL1a

CVG

Building 6

waste

tubes

XRF+ EPMA

64.09

16.45

6.15

2.98

4.12

1.83

0.54

1.36

1.08

0.13

0.19

1.26

CL1a

PVM

Building 6

waste

raw chunck

XRF+ EPMA

64.83

16.82

6.03

2.94

3.6

1.66

0.55

1.35

0.39

0.13

0.19

1.25

CL1a

PVS

Building 6

waste

raw chunck

XRF+ EPMA

64.12

18.34

5.99

3.04

3.19

1.57

0.54

1.54

0.40

0.11

0.29

1.58

CL1a

TB

Building 6

waste

tubes

XRF+ EPMA

64.89

16.80

6.18

3.02

3.56

1.64

0.54

1.36

0.95

0.12

0.17

1.41

CL1b

D2

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96

EPMA

66.18

17.77

6.79

2.84

2.46

1.73

0.44

1.36

0.55

0.05

0.25

0.89

CL1b

D8

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96/106/109

XRF+ EPMA

64.56

16.87

7.33

2.86

2.89

1.50

0.45

1.21

0.64

0.16

0.26

0.89

CL1b

D20

Building 6

beaker

Is. 106b

EPMA

65.66

17.77

6.08

2.82

2.27

1.54

0.48

1.24

0.54

0.04

0.22

1.02

CL1b

D24

Building 6

beaker

Is. 109

XRF+ EPMA

63.08

21.17

5.15

2.80

1.83

2.51

0.60

0.93

0.34

0.04

0.16

1.44

CL1b

D26

Building 6

beaker

Is. 107

EPMA

66.47

18.11

5.79

2.97

1.84

0.13

0.43

1.10

0.40

0.01

0.27

1.48

CL1b

BL SCH

Building 6

waste

waste

EPMA

63.94

18.07

6.16

3.01

2.68

1.86

0.45

1.77

0.85

0.13

0.19

1.38

CL1b

CVS

Building 6

waste

tubes

XRF+ EPMA

66.04

17.67

4.78

3.07

2.09

2.44

0.69

1.48

0.63

0.05

0.19

1.29

CL1b

FD

Building 6

waste

deformed fragment

XRF+ EPMA

67.53

16.08

6.22

3.03

2.40

1.22

0.60

1.47

0.48

0.06

0.13

1.40

CL1b

PF

Building 6

waste

drop

EPMA

62.31

18.97

5.86

2.94

2.24

2.32

0.62

1.82

1.09

0.11

0.51

1.49

CL1b

SCH

Building 6

waste

bubbly waste

EPMA

63.44

18.70

5.87

2.86

2.11

2.54

0.58

2.13

0.85

0.09

0.25

1.23

CL1b

D52

US4381

beaker

Is. 106 late

EPMA

65.47

16.97

8.17

2.62

1.51

2.06

0.19

1.53

0.73

0.21

0.25

0.95

CL1b

D53

US4381

goblet

Is. 111?

EPMA

64.77

18.67

5.50

3.08

1.98

2.55

0.58

1.49

0.44

0.01

0.20

1.27

CL1b

D54

US4381

beaker

Is. 96

EPMA

68.63

17.24

5.81

2.42

1.38

2.28

0.25

0.87

0.38

0.03

0.21

1.10

CL1b

D56

US4381

beaker

Is. 96

EPMA

67.95

17.90

6.01

2.38

1.50

2.25

0.26

0.94

0.40

0.06

0.20

1.25

CL1b

PV01

US4381

waste

raw chunck

EPMA

65.13

20.64

5.92

2.25

1.37

1.98

0.30

1.31

0.32

0.04

0.20

1.67

CL1c

D50

US4381

beaker

Is. 106b

EPMA

65.34

19.35

7.69

2.23

0.81

1.78

0.14

1.00

0.53

0.12

0.33

1.13

CL1c

T12

US4381

waste

shearing

EPMA

65.44

18.47

7.59

2.55

1.05

1.13

0.14

1.31

0.66

0.11

0.22

1.14

CL2a

D21

Building 6

beaker

Is. 106

EPMA

68.01

16.52

9.92

2.81

0.30

0.03

0.07

0.67

0.86

0.03

0.14

1.08

CL2b

C4

Building 6

waste

tubes

XRF + EPMA

68.21

14.87

9.63

2.94

0.64

0.66

0.09

0.65

1.40

0.20

0.09

1.06

CL2b

D58

US4381

beaker

Is. 106 late

EPMA

68.02

16.39

8.19

2.86

0.33

0.90

0.05

0.54

1.00

0.16

0.18

1.06

CL2a

G05

US4381

waste

pontil wad

EPMA

69.25

15.21

7.91

2.81

0.46

0.03

0.09

0.61

2.46

0.15

0.11

1.17

CL2a

T04

US4381

waste

shearing

EPMA

70.34

16.01

7.87

2.86

0.43

0.03

0.08

0.62

0.82

0.08

0.15

1.03

CL2b

T10

US4381

waste

shearing

EPMA

65.91

15.21

10.57

2.91

0.62

0.89

0.10

0.64

2.03

0.31

0.15

0.50

CL3

D7

Building 6

beaker

Is. 109

EPMA

68.76

19.02

5.70

1.96

2.14

0.34

0.12

0.51

0.55

0.02

0.27

0.90

CL3

D10

Building 6

goblet

Is. 111

EPMA

68.07

21.10

6.26

1.97

0.65

0.82

0.13

0.77

0.40

0.01

0.29

1.26

CL3

D11

Building 6

goblet

Is. 111

EPMA

68.29

18.17

6.93

2.04

0.98

0.77

0.12

0.71

0.43

0.01

0.22

1.07

CL3

D14

Building 6

goblet

Is. 111

EPMA

69.05

20.02

6.99

1.56

0.38

0.72

0.09

0.62

0.37

0.00

0.31

1.29

CL3

D16

Building 6

beaker

Is. 109

XRF+ EPMA

69.91

19.06

6.16

1.58

0.30

0.50

0.06

0.30

0.41

0.04

0.17

1.73

CL3

D23

Building 6

beaker

Is. 109

XRF+ EPMA

71.96

17.39

4.95

1.94

0.61

0.74

0.18

0.49

0.47

0.03

0.12

1.52

CL3

D25

Building 6

beaker

Is. 96/106/109

XRF+ EPMA

71.09

17.89

5.55

1.76

0.45

0.75

0.08

0.48

0.36

0.03

0.11

1.59

CL3

A3

Building 6

waste

waste

XRF+ EPMA

68.15

19.41

6.28

1.84

0.78

0.58

0.12

0.59

0.57

0.04

0.27

1.45

CL3

BLC

Building 6

waste

waste

XRF+ EPMA

67.06

17.42

8.14

2.23

0.96

0.29

0.18

0.94

0.86

0.06

0.35

1.03

CL3

CVC

Building 6

waste

tubes

XRF+ EPMA

68.3

18.97

6.14

1.83

0.82

0.61

0.12

0.61

0.72

0.05

0.33

1.24

CL3

F-D D12

Building 6

waste

deformed fragment

XRF+ EPMA

67.12

19.74

7.59

1.85

0.67

0.59

0.11

0.60

0.48

0.04

0.17

1.70

CL3

G1

Building 6

waste

pontil wad

EPMA

66.78

18.57

8.17

1.94

0.65

0.36

0.13

0.84

0.63

0.01

0.36

1.13

CL3

G3

Building 6

waste

pontil wad

EPMA

68.08

17.85

6.92

2.38

0.26

0.76

0.07

0.40

1.50

0.01

0.36

1.22

CL3

G4

Building 6

waste

pontil wad

EPMA

67.11

17.63

6.50

2.38

1.25

1.35

0.27

1.00

0.88

0.01

0.36

1.14

CL3

GRA

Building 6

waste

pontil wad

XRF+ EPMA

68.97

19.31

5.89

1.75

0.56

0.83

0.09

0.58

0.84

0.03

0.29

1.32

CL3

M1

Building 6

waste

moil

EPMA

69.18

18.66

6.80

2.12

0.77

0.98

0.21

0.73

0.42

0.04

0.21

1.28

CL3

PV

Building 6

waste

raw chunk

XRF+ EPMA

66.51

19.80

5.87

2.12

1.41

0.85

0.23

0.81

0.43

0.06

0.24

1.38

CL3

PVA

Building 6

waste

raw chunk

XRF+ EPMA

66.92

17.98

8.16

2.15

0.88

0.29

0.17

0.89

0.65

0.05

0.32

1.34

CL3

PVC

Building 6

waste

raw chunk

XRF+ EPMA

69.04

19.38

6.11

1.77

0.65

0.51

0.1

0.56

0.44

0.04

0.35

1.23

CL3

T-A

Building 6

waste

shearing

XRF+ EPMA

66.52

19.34

8.01

1.99

0.71

0.13

0.15

0.81

0.62

0.04

0.31

1.38

CL3

T-C

Building 6

waste

shearing

EPMA

67.82

19.76

6.50

1.78

0.58

0.52

0.11

0.64

0.44

0.02

0.32

1.19

CL3

D51

US4381

beaker

Is. 106c

EPMA

67.93

18.16

7.90

1.94

0.86

0.77

0.12

0.71

0.55

0.09

0.24

1.30

CL3

D57

US4381

beaker

Is. 106late

EPMA

69.06

18.08

6.79

1.77

0.61

0.62

0.11

0.58

0.47

0.08

0.27

1.25

CL3

D59

US4381

beaker

Is. 106 late

EPMA

67.86

19.18

7.45

1.73

0.61

0.74

0.10

0.65

0.35

0.08

0.29

1.22

CL3

G06

US4381

waste

waste

EPMA

66.60

21.85

5.75

1.80

0.52

0.96

0.11

0.62

0.30

0.02

0.44

1.23

  1. Major and minor elements are reported in wt%. EPMA indicates that chemical data were collected with this technique only; EPMA+ XRF indicates samples were analysed by XRF for their major, minor and trace elements while Sn, Sb, Cl and S were measured with EPMA. SnO2 and Sb2O3 were always below the EPMA detection limits (0.04 wt%) and are not presented here. n.d. = not detected.