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Table 2 Description of the analysed samples

From: Black earths from Veneto and Piedmont (Northern Italy): origin, composition and potential use in different painting techniques

ID

Description

Munsell Colour*

Source

Notes

Bol1

Massive black earth

5Y 3/2

Bolca, Veneto, Italy

Raw material

Bol1a

Same that Bol1, after crushing and sieving

∅ > 250 μm

Bol1b

Same that Bol1, after crushing and sieving

250 μm ≤ ∅ ≤ 125 μm

Bol1c

Same that Bol1, after crushing and sieving

∅ < 125 μm

Bol1d

Same that Bol1, after 10 washing cycles

N1

Suspended material

Bol1e

Same that Bol1, after 10 washing cycles

5YR 4/4

Precipitated material

Boc2

Massive black earth

N1

Boca, Piedmont, Italy

Raw material

TN01

Massive black earth

5Y 3/2

Paint factory collection, Veneto, Italy

Raw material

TN01A

Powder black earth

5Y 3/2

Paint factory, Veneto, Italy

Material sold as black earth

TN-K

Massive black earth

5YR 2/2

Paint factory, Germany

Material sold as black earth

TN-VF

Massive black earth

5YR 3/4

Vicoforte, Piedmont

Raw material

TO-K

Umber earth, powder

5Y 3/2

Paint factory, Germany

Material sold as Umber earth

TR-D

Rome earth, powder

5YR 2/1

Paint factory, Veneto, Italy

Material sold as Rome earth

  1. * Munsell colour notations refer to the powder for all of the listed samples.