Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

Delgado Robles, Alma A.; Ruvalcaba Sil, Jose Luis; Claes, Pieterjan; Manrique Ortega, Mayra D.; Casanova González, Edgar; Maynez Rojas, Miguel Ángel; Cuevas García, Martha; García Castillo, Sabrina

doi:10.1186/s40494-015-0048-z

Heritage Science

Table 1 List of the pieces analyzed from each temple (ordered chronologically) and results of their mineral characterization. Detected elements were ordered by its X-ray intensity in the XRF spectra

From: Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

	Piece	Applied techniques	Mineral identification	Detected elements
Temple XVIII-A (A.D. 250–450)	1343	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite/albite	Fe, Ca, Cr, Si, Ni, Zn, Mn, Sr, Ti
		FTIR, XRF	Obsidian	Fe, K, Ca, Si, Rb, Sr, Mn, Ti
		FTIR, XRF	Calcium carbonate	Ca, Sr
	1347	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Cr, S, Ni, Ti, Mn
	1348	XRF	–	Ca, Sr, Fe
Temple of the Cross (A.D. 300–600)	1410	FTIR, Raman, CM	Omphacite	–
	1411	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Muscovite	K, Fe, Sr, Ti, V, Si, Rb, Ca, Cr
	1411	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Unidentified	Ca, Fe, Sr, K, Si, Ti, V, Rb
	1412	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Muscovite	K, Fe, Sr, Ti, V, Si, Rb, Ca, Cr
	1412	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Unidentified	Ca, Fe, Sr, K, Pb, Si, Ti, V
	1413–1424	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Omphacite	Fe, Ca, Sr, Si, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ti, S
Temple of the Skull (A.D. 700–770)	1344	FTIR, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Cr, Si, Sr, Ga, Mn, Ti
	1344	FTIR, XRF, CM	Albite	Fe, Ca, Cr, Hg, Si, Sr, Zn, Mn, Ni, S, Ti
	1761	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Albite	Fe, Ca, Si, Mn, Zn, Cr
	1761	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, Mn, Ga, Cr, Ni, V, S
	1762	FTIR, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Sr, Cr, Si, Ga
	1763	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, Ni, Cr, V, Mn
	1764	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, Cr, Mn, S
Temple XVIII (A.D. 600–850)	1765	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, Sr
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Muscovite	K, Fe, Sr, Ti, Ca, Cr, Rb, Zn, Si, Cu, Ni
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite/albite	Fe, Ca, Si, Mn, Ni, Ti, K, Cr
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Omphacite	Fe, Ca, Cr, K, Ni, Si, Mn, Sr
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Quartz	Ca, Cr, Fe, Si, Zn, Ni, Rb, K, Cu, Mn
	2433	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Ga, Ni, Si, Cr, Mn, Ti
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Omphacite	Ca, Fe, Ni, Cr, Sr, Si, Mn, Ga
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Albite	Fe, Ca, Sr, Si, Cr, Ga, Zn, Ni, Mn, K, S, V
	2439	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Cr, Mn, Ga, Sr, Ti, Ni
	2439	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite/albite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, S, Mn, Ti, Cr
	2440	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite/albite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, S, Mn, Ti, Cr
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Amazonite/albite	Rb, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Si, Hg, Ti
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Albite	Fe, Ca, Si, Sr, Cu, K, Mn, Ti
		FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Omphacite	Ca, Fe, Mn, Sr, Si, Cr, K, Ti
	2441	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite/albite	Fe, Ca, Cr, Sr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Si, Ti, K
	2441	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Hg, Cr, Zn, Si, Mn, Ni, K, Ti
	2442	FTIR, Raman, XRF	Amazonite	Rb, K, Fe, Ca, Si, Pb, Ga
		FTIR, Raman, XRF	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Hg, Cr, Ti, Si, Mn, K
		FTIR, Raman, XRF	Omphacite	Ca, Fe, Ni, Cr, Sr, Si, Mn, Ti, K
	2443	FTIR, XRF	Albite	Sr, Ca, Fe, Ni, Si, Cr, Hg, Mn
		FTIR, XRF	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Sr, Si, Ni, Mn, Hg, Cr, Ti
		FTIR, XRF	Omphacite	Fe, Ca, Sr, Si, Mn, Zr, Cr, Ni
		FTIR, XRF	Quartz	Fe, Cr, Ca, Si, Hg, Ni, K, Mn, S
	2671	FTIR, XRF	Amazonite	Rb, K, Ga, Pb, Si, Ca, Se, Fe
	2671	FTIR, XRF	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Si, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, S, Ti
	2933	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Albite	Zn, Si, Sr, Ca, Fe
	2933	FTIR, Raman, XRF, CM	Jadeite	Fe, Ca, Rb, Si, Cr, Mn

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