Table 4 Paint analysis data from the campaigns on the church door frames

Valsamonero Monastery

Red (mantle of Virgin Mary)

Not studied

Fe (s), Al, Ca, Mg (m); Mn, Na, Ti (w)

Fe, Mn, detected in high and very low concentration respectively, indicate possible use of umber

Red (parts of the architrave)

Not studied

Fe, Ca (s); Al, Mg, Na, Ti (w)

Fe-rich red paint, ferric oxide (hematite)

White

Not studied

Ca (s); Al, Fe, Mg, Na, Ti (w)

Ca-rich white paint, most likely calcium carbonate (or sulphate)

Black

Not studied

Ca, CN (s); Mg, Na (m)

CN emission indicates the use of a carbon based pigment

Church of St. George

Light blue

Ultramarine,

Barium sulphate

Ba, Ca, Na (s); Al, Fe, Mg, Sr, Zn (m); Si, Ti (w)

Na, Al and Si indicate the use of ultramarine

Fe might relate to the use of Prussian blue

Dark blue

Carbon black

Ca, Mg, Na (s); Αl, CN, Sr (m); Fe, Ti (w)

CN emission indicates the use of a carbon based pigment

Red

Hematite

Ba, Ca, Fe, Na, Ti, Zn (s); Αl, Mg, Sr (m)

Fe-rich red paint, ferric oxide (hematite)

Brown

Weak Raman signal

Ba, Ca, Fe, Mn, Na (s); Al, Mg, Sr, Zn (m); Ti (w);

Cr (1st pulse, m)

Fe, Mn, both detected in high concentration, evidence a mixture of manganese black (or brown) and ferric oxide (hematite)

Yellow

Barium sulphate

Ba, Ca, Na, Cr, Zn (s); Al, Fe, Mg, Sr, Pb, Ti, (m)

Cr, Pb, Fe imply the use of chrome yellow and possibly yellow ochre (hydrous ferric oxide)

White

Calcium carbonate

Ca (s); Mg, Na (m)

Ca-rich white paint, most likely calcium carbonate