Temple | Mn ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Ni ± s.d. (mg/kg) | V ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Zn ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Y ± s.d. (mg/kg) | K ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Cl ± s.d. (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bayon | |||||||
Blackened area | 51,500 ± 28,800 | 156 ± 52 | 1030 ± 551 | 454 ± 188 | 57 ± 24 | 16,600 ± 4500 | 260 ± 155 |
Sandstone | 297 ± 63 | <6 | 378 ± 392 | 33 ± 9 | 16 ± 2 | 17,500 ± 2230 | 366 ± 181 |
Ratio | 173.4 | – | 2.7 | 13.7 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
East Mebon | |||||||
Blackened area | 93,900 ± 21,400 | 560 ± 289 | 4570 ± 1090 | 111 ± 63 | 72 ± 134 | 7650 ± 2920 | 1840 ± 503 |
Laterite | 3185 ± 817 | <18 | 3090 ± 1250 | 42 ± 49 | 43 ± 124 | 1910 ± 1700 | 613 ± 120 |
Ratio | 29.5 | – | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
Pre Rup | |||||||
Blackened area | 81,100 ± 53,500 | 522 ± 359 | 3820 ± 1520 | 92 ± 48 | 128 ± 141 | 8400 ± 7130 | 523 ± 103 |
Laterite | 2171 ± 2270 | <26 | 1908 ± 738 | 42 ± 15 | 26 ± 11 | 6750 ± 7490 | 995 ± 476 |
Ratio | 37.4 | – | 2.0 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Blackened area | 47,400 ± 12,600 | 85 ± 43 | 2530 ± 1750 | 41 ± 8 | 173 ± 142 | 10,200 ± 3890 | 3560 ± 1030 |
Sandstone | 474 ± 119 | <8 | 276 ± 358 | 33 ± 8 | 29 ± 19 | 16,600 ± 2400 | 1030 ± 532 |
Ratio | 99.9 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 1.3 | 6.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
Blackened area | 137,000 ± 61,400 | 123 ± 42 | 2660 ± 1360 | 593 ± 278 | 475 ± 153 | 18,700 ± 7790 | 10,500 ± 3530 |
Bricks | 339 ± 102 | 17 ± 7 | 202 ± 126 | 15 ± 3 | 17 ± 8 | 1890 ± 174 | 1270 ± 883 |
Ratio | 404.0 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 40.1 | 28.3 | 9.9 | 8.3 |
Ta Keo | |||||||
Blackened area | 93,900 ± 33,400 | 560 ± 238 | 4570 ± 2440 | 111 ± 36 | 72 ± 57 | 7650 ± 5130 | 1840 ± 1930 |
Laterite | 3185 ± 1701 | <28 | 3090 ± 1450 | 42 ± 6 | 43 ± 28 | 1910 ± 1400 | <613 |
Ratio | 29.5 | – | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
Phnom Krom | |||||||
Blackened area | 188,000 ± 53,600 | 925 ± 350 | 2130 ± 2300 | 300 ± 76 | 30 ± 11 | 18,400 ± 5090 | <469 |
Laterite | 3130 ± 1670 | <31 | 1216 ± 255 | 163 ± 54 | 14 ± 5 | 2700 ± 1900 | 424 ± 115 |
Ratio | 41.5 | – | 3.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
Wat Athvea | |||||||
Blackened area | 74,900 ± 16,700 | 247 ± 109 | 2300 ± 915 | 187 ± 121 | 445 ± 370 | 5100 ± 2460 | 1210 ± 531 |
Laterite | 682 ± 399 | <13 | 573 ± 174 | 73 ± 31 | 103 ± 54 | 2250 ± 632 | 507 ± 291 |
Ratio | 110.0 | – | 4.0 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Pr. Neang Khmau | |||||||
Blackened area | 146,000 ± 73,000 | 1480 ± 804 | 4800 ± 1220 | 27 ± 98 | 116 ± 80 | 16,900 ± 20,400 | <629 |
Laterite | 12,700 ± 1340 | <34 | 1842 ± 661 | 46 ± 9 | 17 ± 10 | 2420 ± 820 | 833 ± 148 |
Ratio | 20.0 | – | 2.6 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 12.6 | 1.4 |
Pr. Chrap | |||||||
Blackened area | 214,000 ± 129,000 | 2750 ± 1700 | 3180 ± 1390 | 453 ± 348 | 498 ± 332 | 9890 ± 5900 | 2530 ± 1370 |
Laterite | 3670 ± 1040 | <40 | 1800 ± 308 | 83 ± 68 | 49 ± 44 | 4020 ± 2510 | 1130 ± 273 |
Ratio | 58.3 | – | 1.8 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Pr. Banteay Pir Chan | |||||||
Blackened area | 248,000 ± 68,600 | 2320 ± 707 | 3740 ± 1430 | 99 ± 66 | 197 ± 81 | 24,500 ± 17,200 | <629 |
Laterite | 24,000 ± 20,300 | 103 ± 76 | 2770 ± 515 | 89 ± 21 | 48 ± 28 | 3330 ± 1720 | 1000 ± 142 |
Ratio | 10.3 | 22.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 7.3 | – |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower S1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 22,700 ± 8170 | 178 ± 156 | 10,800 ± 6150 | 2420 ± 2560 | 648 ± 494 | 5660 ± 3660 | 1190 ± 312 |
Bricks | 460 ± 180 | 10 ± 4 | 142 ± 84 | 35 ± 7 | 31 ± 8 | 5100 ± 1370 | 279 ± 43 |
Ratio | 49.4 | 18.8 | 76.4 | 68.7 | 21.0 | 1.1 | 4.3 |
Blackened area | 79,500 ± 44,400 | 182 ± 143 | 7740 ± 2620 | 846 ± 728 | 338 ± 195 | 16,000 ± 3940 | 1580 ± 1130 |
Sandstone | 572 ± 365 | <14 | 132 ± 100 | 38 ± 9 | 22 ± 12 | 19,100 ± 1990 | 343 ± 196 |
Ratio | 139.0 | 13.0 | 58.5 | 22.5 | 15.5 | 0.8 | 4.6 |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower C1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 188,000 ± 178,000 | 47 ± 28 | 1650 ± 1300 | 103 ± 54 | 85 ± 105 | 28,400 ± 24,900 | 2940 ± 2840 |
Bricks | 1012 ± 756 | 13 ± 12 | 150 ± 82 | 53 ± 31 | 31 ± 8 | 6750 ± 4750 | 823 ± 681 |
Ratio | 186.0 | 3.7 | 11.0 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 3.6 |
Blackened area | 39,200 ± 18,000 | 32 ± 15 | 181 ± 62 | 30 ± 4 | 17 ± 1 | 16,900 ± 2130 | 6910 ± 4300 |
Sandstone | 463 ± 45 | <7 | 129 ± 32 | 42 ± 9 | 22 ± 2 | 22,500 ± 1880 | 1030 ± 184 |
Ratio | 84.5 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 6.7 |
Temple | S ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Pb ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Cr ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Co ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Sr ± s.d. (mg/kg) | P ± s.d. (mg/kg) | As ± s.d. (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bayon | |||||||
Blackened area | 1540 ± 618 | 40 ± 19 | 398 ± 318 | 5 ± 4 | 215 ± 18 | 2730 ± 1170 | 7 ± 3 |
Sandstone | 5450 ± 7380 | 16 ± 4 | 64 ± 22 | 12 ± 1 | 220 ± 6 | <2270 | 4 ± 2 |
Ratio | 0.3 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.8 |
East Mebon | |||||||
Blackened area | 5510 ± 2270 | 67 ± 27 | 1270 ± 308 | 155 ± 23 | 121 ± 297 | 5020 ± 6050 | 62 ± 174 |
Laterite | 2890 ± 4180 | 38 ± 133 | 1500 ± 570 | 254 ± 73 | 70 ± 461 | 16,500 ± 3690 | 55 ± 241 |
Ratio | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
Pre Rup | |||||||
Blackened area | 3760 ± 1180 | 80 ± 85 | 987 ± 695 | 323 ± 100 | 140 ± 117 | 5220 ± 911 | 55 ± 37 |
Laterite | 2530 ± 1020 | 25 ± 7 | 654 ± 533 | 289 ± 92 | 69 ± 44 | 8870 ± 2860 | 56 ± 76 |
Ratio | 1.5 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Blackened area | 3050 ± 670 | 35 ± 13 | 1400 ± 1030 | <2 | 241 ± 80 | 5220 ± 2000 | 7 ± 1 |
Sandstone | 863 ± 502 | 8 ± 1 | 172 ± 219 | 13 ± 3 | 194 ± 21 | 3630 ± 2400 | <2 |
Ratio | 3.5 | 4.4 | 8.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | – | |
Blackened area | 7110 ± 5030 | 40 ± 26 | 1350 ± 743 | 19 ± 15 | 66 ± 23 | 31,600 ± 21,500 | <3 |
Bricks | 1810 ± 746 | 9 ± 5 | 79 ± 44 | <1 | 30 ± 8 | 3940 ± 1850 | <3 |
Ratio | 3.9 | 4.2 | 17.2 | 14.5 | 2.2 | 8.0 | – |
Ta Keo | |||||||
Blackened area | 5510 ± 1900 | 67 ± 66 | 1270 ± 619 | 155 ± 23 | 121 ± 40 | 5020 ± 1300 | 62 ± 27 |
Laterite | 2890 ± 1290 | 38 ± 18 | 1510 ± 942 | 254 ± 53 | 70 ± 26 | 16,500 ± 5930 | 55 ± 24 |
Ratio | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
Phnom Krom | |||||||
Blackened area | 3400 ± 4900 | 126 ± 41 | 660 ± 873 | 214 ± 45 | 51 ± 18 | 31,300 ± 16,300 | 93 ± 30 |
Laterite | 2760 ± 1950 | 76 ± 50 | 362 ± 257 | 298 ± 83 | 44 ± 12 | 57,400 ± 35,700 | 76 ± 23 |
Ratio | 2.6 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
Wat Athvea | |||||||
Blackened area | 6773 ± 9340 | 157 ± 82 | 944 ± 534 | <11 | 229 ± 29 | 8660 ± 7590 | 148 ± 67 |
Laterite | 7440 ± 12,900 | 48 ± 23 | 210 ± 63 | 180 ± 103 | 190 ± 22 | 3850 ± 1200 | 163 ± 53 |
Ratio | 0.9 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
Pr. Neang Khmau | |||||||
Blackened area | <1720 | <10 | 2340 ± 569 | <15 | 134 ± 35 | 14,700 ± 5170 | 12 ± 4 |
Laterite | 4070 ± 1160 | <14 | 1470 ± 332 | 150 ± 63 | 85 ± 32 | 19,100 ± 10,900 | 18 ± 7 |
Ratio | 1.3 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
Pr. Chrap | |||||||
Blackened area | 6230 ± 1720 | <21 | 701 ± 423 | 207 ± 127 | 515 ± 153 | 25,000 ± 9050 | 13 ± 5 |
Laterite | 7620 ± 3290 | <14 | 2000 ± 1080 | 192 ± 78 | 307 ± 269 | 18,200 ± 6960 | 32 ± 11 |
Ratio | 0.8 | – | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
Pr. Banteay Pir Chan | |||||||
Blackened area | 1620 ± 97 | <10 | 917 ± 302 | <16 | 424 ± 116 | 23,400 ± 5720 | 14 ± 6 |
Laterite | 4100 ± 1190 | <10 | 2280 ± 791 | 121 ± 68 | 582 ± 312 | 25,900 ± 7720 | 28 ± 14 |
Ratio | 0.4 | – | 0.4 | – | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower S1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 21,200 ± 25,187 | 31 ± 20 | 6000 ± 3510 | 29 ± 12 | 73 ± 24 | 16,200 ± 11,300 | 9 ± 5 |
Bricks | 1737 ± 1423 | 18 ± 6 | 69 ± 35 | 3 ± 1 | 38 ± 6 | <3330 | 5 ± 0 |
Ratio | 12.2 | 1.7 | 87.3 | 9.4 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 1.8 |
Blackened area | 10,890 ± 7470 | 48 ± 51 | 3600 ± 1930 | 35 ± 23 | 314 ± 120 | 13,000 ± 10,600 | 15 ± 14 |
Sandstone | 6590 ± 11,300 | 16 ± 8 | 55 ± 16 | 9 ± 2 | 248 ± 15 | <1140 | <2 |
Ratio | 1.7 | 2.9 | 65.3 | 4.1 | 1.3 | – | 7.7 |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower C1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 3790 ± 2360 | 14 ± 7 | 541 ± 476 | <2 | 369 ± 598 | <2860 | 5 ± 2 |
Bricks | 947 ± 544 | 16 ± 6 | 56 ± 18 | 5 ± 2 | 60 ± 18 | <1250 | 10 ± 2 |
Ratio | 4.0 | 0.8 | 9.7 | – | 6.2 | – | 0.6 |
Blackened area | 4940 ± 1970 | 14 ± 2 | 56 ± 8 | <2 | 244 ± 8 | <4390 | <2 |
Sandstone | 681 ± 271 | 12 ± 1 | 77 ± 11 | 14 ± 2 | 240 ± 5 | <1550 | <4 |
Ratio | 7.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 2.8 | – |
Temple | Cu ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Ti ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Rb ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Ca ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Mo ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Fe ± s.d. (mg/kg) | Zr ± s.d. (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bayon | |||||||
Blackened area | 13 ± 4 | 2780 ± 597 | 56 ± 5 | 11,600 ± 2720 | <2 | 17,100 ± 1480 | 114 ± 27 |
Sandstone | 13 ± 5 | 2630 ± 928 | 62 ± 3 | 20,300 ± 8410 | <2 | 15,800 ± 2150 | 127 ± 27 |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | – | 1.1 | 0.9 |
East Mebon | |||||||
Blackened area | 87 ± 22 | 13,400 ± 1220 | 21 ± 5 | 14,100 ± 1950 | 7 ± 2 | 355,000 ± 274,000 | 167 ± 48 |
Laterite | 117 ± 15 | 11,600 ± 3180 | 13 ± 6 | 16,000 ± 1320 | 6 ± 2 | 430,000 ± 191,000 | 195 ± 33 |
Ratio | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Pre Rup | |||||||
Blackened area | 105 ± 163 | 10,400 ± 2580 | 21 ± 10 | 11,320 ± 4120 | 8 ± 3 | 292,000 ± 172,000 | 145 ± 25 |
Laterite | 130 ± 78 | 9180 ± 2970 | 15 ± 5 | 9710 ± 2250 | 6 ± 3 | 333,000 ± 113,000 | 126 ± 41 |
Ratio | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
Blackened area | 40 ± 16 | 4670 ± 928 | 58 ± 7 | 10,700 ± 958 | 3 ± 0 | 19,300 ± 2250 | 181 ± 10 |
Sandstone | 15 ± 3 | 2830 ± 492 | 68 ± 9 | 9900 ± 346 | 3 ± 1 | 18,200 ± 2300 | 227 ± 62 |
Ratio | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
Blackened area | 45 ± 9 | 3390 ± 467 | 15 ± 6 | 20,100 ± 4510 | 3 ± 1 | 8400 ± 1010 | 193 ± 23 |
Bricks | 16 ± 4 | 2860 ± 332 | 14 ± 3 | 8130 ± 476 | 3 ± 1 | 9960 ± 1870 | 201 ± 23 |
Ratio | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Ta Keo | |||||||
Blackened area | 87 ± 26 | 13,400 ± 3560 | 21 ± 7 | 14,100 ± 1200 | 7 ± 3 | 355,000 ± 132,000 | 167 ± 32 |
Laterite | 117 ± 37 | 11,600 ± 2470 | 13 ± 2 | 16,000 ± 6960 | 6 ± 3 | 430,000 ± 144,000 | 195 ± 29 |
Ratio | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Phnom Krom | |||||||
Blackened area | 45 ± 16 | 8220 ± 1920 | 13 ± 7 | 9070 ± 1360 | 5 ± 2 | 309,000 ± 76,200 | 110 ± 10 |
Laterite | 83 ± 4 | 5400 ± 1100 | 22 ± 12 | 9750 ± 1590 | 5 ± 1 | 209,000 ± 90,500 | 113 ± 29 |
Ratio | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
Wat Athvea | |||||||
Blackened area | 75 ± 22 | 6830 ± 2260 | 20 ± 13 | 11,200 ± 3490 | 7 ± 1 | 124,000 ± 100,000 | 127 ± 29 |
Laterite | 76 ± 15 | 3760 ± 721 | 20 ± 5 | 14,500 ± 7200 | 7 ± 2 | 93,000 ± 51,900 | 120 ± 30 |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Pr. Neang Khmau | |||||||
Blackened area | <16 | 19,700 ± 2490 | 9 ± 1 | 7785 ± 1420 | 8 ± 1 | 403,000 ± 48,000 | 173 ± 17 |
Laterite | 52 ± 35 | 20,800 ± 3680 | <7 | 31,900 ± 9600 | 7 ± 1 | 529,000 ± 36,300 | 208 ± 22 |
Ratio | – | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Pr. Chrap | |||||||
Blackened area | 161 ± 85 | 13,900 ± 4650 | 12 ± 2 | 8750 ± 2430 | 10 ± 5 | 193,000 ± 51,000 | 179 ± 54 |
Laterite | 59 ± 45 | 26,300 ± 8040 | – | 13,200 ± 4320 | 14 ± 8 | 656,000 ± 127,000 | 199 ± 39 |
Ratio | 2.7 | 0.5 | – | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
Pr. Banteay Pir Chan | |||||||
Blackened area | <15 | 23,500 ± 4640 | 12 ± 4 | 7990 ± 2130 | 10 ± 4 | 402,000 ± 59,700 | 216 ± 30 |
Laterite | 46 ± 20 | 33,800 ± 4100 | 6 ± 2 | 13,300 ± 3780 | 22 ± 12 | 681,000 ± 161,000 | 194 ± 41 |
Ratio | – | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.1 |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower S1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 54 ± 29 | 6370 ± 2470 | 57 ± 18 | 13,400 ± 9070 | 3 ± 1 | 9220 ± 444 | 273 ± 23 |
Bricks | 16 ± 2 | 2760 ± 263 | 60 ± 9 | 8480 ± 1930 | 4 ± 2 | 10,400 ± 346 | 279 ± 32 |
Ratio | 3.3 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Blackened area | 37 ± 19 | 6800 ± 3650 | 74 ± 13 | 13,700 ± 4680 | 4 ± 1 | 13,500 ± 1790 | 136 ± 93 |
Sandstone | 13 ± 2 | 1950 ± 286 | 67 ± 2 | 21,100 ± 16,100 | 21 ± 26 | 18,700 ± 2890 | 276 ± 357 |
Ratio | 2.9 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Sambor Prei Kuk Tower C1 | |||||||
Blackened area | 32 ± 21 | 3690 ± 1510 | 58 ± 18 | 23,300 ± 16,100 | 9 ± 4 | 8500 ± 1650 | 225 ± 86 |
Bricks | 22 ± 5 | 2750 ± 282 | 70 ± 13 | 8000 ± 1310 | 5 ± 1 | 10,500 ± 810 | 277 ± 65 |
Ratio | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Blackened area | 8 ± 3 | 198 ± 178 | 67 ± 3 | 19,700 ± 4430 | 3 ± 1 | 16,600 ± 629 | 142 ± 21 |
Sandstone | 22 ± 13 | 3150 ± 208 | 93 ± 10 | 11,100 ± 453 | 3 ± 1 | 25,200 ± 1220 | 253 ± 84 |
Ratio | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 |