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Table 1 Characteristic Raman bands of components in Chinese porcelains and related materials [14, 30, 31]

From: Porcelain shards from Portuguese wrecks: Raman spectroscopic analysis of marine archaeological ceramics

Component

Characteristic Raman bands (cm−1)

α-Wollastonite

370 w, 578 s, 985 s, 932 w, 1073 w

β-Wollastonite

410 ms, 635 ms, 980 s

Calcium phosphate

415 m, 970 s

Mullite

302 w, 480 m, 600 dr ms, 960 m, 1130 mw

α-Quartz

194 w, 464 s

Rutile

144 w, 240 mw, 441 mw, 606 mw

Anatase

143 s, 197 w, 398 m, 517 m, 641 m

Brookite

153 w, 245 mw, 320 mw, 364 mw, 449 w

Calcite

151 m, 283 ms, 712 mw, 1086 s

Aragonite

140 mw, 203 m, 705 m, 1086 s

Cristobalite

230 mw, 420 m

Cobalt blue

190 w, 280 w, 404 mw, 485 m, 506 ms, 560 w

Carbon

1320 br ms, 1585 br ms

Feldspar

510 m, 960 s

Hematite

229 m, 299 m, 409 ms, 640 m br

  1. W weak, m medium, s strong, br broad, ms medium to strong, mw medium to weak