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Table 1 Suggested colours and pigments based on non-invasive examination

From: Non-invasive sub-surface analysis of the male portrait underlying the Titian’s Studio Ecce Homo

Basic color

Compositional elements

Suggested pigments

Red

Background drapery

Red iron oxide, vermilion. Orpiment and lead white for highlights

Red element of man’s dress under the collar, presumably scarf

Vermilion

White

Collar, cuffs, highlights of the desk and the book, quill, beads, belt buckles, highlights of the dress

Lead white

Black

Man’s dress

Carbon black (char or coke)

Grey

Desk

Carbon black (char or coke), lead white, copper green

Flesh tones

Man’s face and hands

Vermilion, lead white, umber, copper green