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Table 1 Floods and earthquakes which caused damage at Nikkō

From: Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Floods

Earthquakes

16th Century 1532 Flood

 

17th Century 1662 Flood of Inari River after heavy rain until one day before the flood; 1684 Flood of Daiya River and Inari Rivers; 1685 Flood of Inari River; 1687 Flood, with ponds at lower sides of each deck of the Sacred Bridge so unusable for half a day; 1688 Flood, with ponds at lower sides of each deck of the Sacred Bridge; 1699 Flood of Daiya River and Inari River

17th Century 1644 Earthquake, a little damage to stone wall at Tōshōgu; 1649 Earthquake, damage to stone wall and stone Igaki at Tōshōgu; 1650 Earthquake, Damage to Sōrintō and stone wall at Tōshōgu; 1658 Earthquake, minor damage in Nikko; 1683 June 17/18 Earthquakes, Landslide at Mount Akanagi and Nothern Akanagi; Earthquake, Damage of Hōtō and Kasaishi etc. at Tōshōgu and Taiyu-in; Flood of the Daiya River and Inari Rivers, October 20 Earthquake and landslide and no more water flow in Kinugawa River and Inari Rivers and possibly damage to buildings under restoration

18th Century 1704 Flood of Daiya River, Inari River and Tamozawa; 1721 Flood of Daiya and Inari Rivers; 1723 Heavy rains and wind, flood of Inari River; 1786 Flood of Daiya River

18th Century 1703 Genroku Earthquake; 1707 Hōei Earthquake; 1710 Nikkō shrines safe after main earthquake shock; 1725 Earthquake damages some 7-9 m length of a stone yarai and three or four stone lanterns fell down; 1735 Earthquake, minor damage to stone wall at Tōshōgu; 1746 Earthquake, damage to Stone Yarai and wall at Tōshōgu; 1755 Damage to stone yarai, wall and stairs at Tōshōgu; 1767 Earthquake, fall of sculpture about 1.8 m

19th Century 1858 Flood of Daiya, Akahori and Namegawa Rivers; 1859 Flood of Daiya and Morokawa Rivers

19th Century1827 Earthquake, minor damage to Okusha Sekisaku at Tōshōgu; 1835 Earthquake, collapse of stone wall; 1888 Earthquake, Tochigi Prefecture

20th Century (first half) 1902 Heavy rain and wind, flood of Daiya and Inari Rivers; 1906 Washout of the Sacred Bridge and Inari Bridge; 1909 Flood, the Sacred Bridge under water; 1919 Flood, outburst of the Daiya River levee; 1938 Flood and typhoon, damages the whole Tochigi Prefecture with deaths (8), injuries (8), houses destroyed (204), half destroyed (125), parts washed away (248); 1946 flood and Typhoon No. 9; 1947 Flood Kathleen Typhoon, damage whole Tochigi Prefecture; Inundation of about 170 houses, partly washed away (4) by flood and levee collapse in Tochigi, dead (361), missing (76), injured (549), houses destroyed (1432), parts washed away (817); 1949 Flood Typhoon Kitty, damage to whole of Tochigi Prefecture; dead (12), injured (37), houses destroyed (248), half destroyed (2318), parts washed away (28);’

20th Century (first half) 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake; 1931 Nishisaitama Earthquake, damage to stone wall; 1949 Imaichi Earthquake

20th Century (second half) 1959 Flood from Isewan Typhoon; 1966 Flood and torrential rain from Typhoon No. 26, damage whole Tochigi Prefecture; dead 12, injury 51; 1972 Flood and torrential rain from Typhoon No. 20, damage whole Tochigi Prefecture; dead 1, injury 3, houses destroyed 1, half destroyed 1, partial destroyed 6, landslide in Hosoo in Nikkō; 1981 Flood from Typhoon No. 15, damage whole Tochigi Prefecture; partial destroyed 15, victim 20; 1982 Debris flow Takumi and Hoso in Nikko city, isolation of Kawamata Onsen from Typhoon No. 10; isolation of Kawamata Onsen by Typhoon No. 18; 1991 Torrential rain from Typhoon No. 12; Debris flow in Tamozawa; 1998 River blockage

 
  1. Timeline of Nikko’s disaster, http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/nikko/nikko00044.html; Nikko Sabo Office, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Kanto Regional Development Bureau and Report of disaster assessment survey findings in 2006—Chapter 2 Disaster history https://www.city.kanuma.tochigi.jp/manage/contents/upload/5816b5371f02d.pdf, Kanuma city, Tochigi, Japan