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Table 4 The results of the Raman spectroscopy survey showing the distribution of inspection points across the manuscripts involved in the study

From: Comparing the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy: a case study on Armenian manuscripts

Shelf mark

Pigments identified through Raman spectroscopy

Total

Red lead

Red lead + vermillion

Lapis

Indigo + orpiment

Vermillion

indigo

MS Arm g4

1

1

3

0

2

0

7

MS Arm e34

1

0

5

0

2

0

8

MS Arm d3

0

0

0

0

0

5

5

MS Arm d22

0

1

0

0

1

2

4

MS Arm c3

0

0

2

0

3

2

7

MS Arm d13

1

0

0

1

56

1

59

Total

3

2

10

1

64

10

90

  1. Not all manuscripts had the same number of illuminations (MS Arm d13 was particularly lavishly decorated). Note the chemical formulas and common names; red lead (Pb3O4, minium), vermillion (HgS, cinnabar), lapis lazuli (S3, ultramarine (differentiation between synthetic (ultramarine), and natural (lapis) not possible with this Raman setup), orpiment (As2S3), indigo (C16H10N2O2)