Fig. 8

Ancient earthquake chronology. Timeline of major earthquakes with potential to affect Qal’at al-Subayba, as a function of intensity values, according to the European macroseismic scale (VII, damaging; VIII, heavily damaging; IX, destructive; X, very destructive; XI, devastating). The values are based on Sbeinati et al. [24]). The earthquakes that hit the fortress are highlighted