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Table 2 % open porosity, absorption coefficient and water absorption before and after weathering for consolidated and untreated GL blocks. Consolidant was applied by brush and immersion

From: The behaviour of as-applied and artificially weathered silica–epoxy consolidants on a typical Mediterranean porous limestone: a comparison with TEOS

Consolidant system

% Open porosity (v/v)

Before weathering

% Open porosity (v/v)

After weathering

Absorption coefficient (g/m2 s0.5)

Before weathering

Absorption coefficient (g/m2 s0.5)

After weathering

Water absorption (%, w/w, @ 24 h)

Before weathering

Water absorption (%, w/w, @ 24 h)

After weathering

Consolidant applied by brush

 Untreated limestone

39.9

39.6

10.26 ± 0.63

7.72 ± 0.44

13.52 ± 0.47

13.92 ± 0.13

 TEOS

3.54 ± 1.25

2.73 ± 0.38

12.53 ± 0.50

13.34 ± 0.18

 Epoxy–silica

6.84 ± 1.01

6.64 ± 0.88

13.21 ± 0.50

13.63 ± 1.40

 Epoxy–silica + nanoparticles

8.57 ± 1.56

8.41 ± 1.51

13.39 ± 0.03

13.70 ± 0.22

 Epoxy–silica + modified nanoparticles

7.71 ± 0.41

7.91 ± 1.45

13.36 ± 0.43

13.80 ± 0.12

Consolidant applied by immersion

 Untreated limestone

39.9

39.6

10.26 ± 0.63

7.72 ± 0.44

13.52 ± 0.47

13.92 ± 0.13

 TEOS

35.5

39.9

0.52 ± 0.37

0.20 ± 0.04

3.88 ± 2.67

1.70 ± 0.30

 Epoxy–silica

35.6

39.5

0.14 ± 0.05

2.37 ± 0.54

2.78 ± 1.61

12.40 ± 0.41

 Epoxy–silica + nanoparticles

33.9

39.5

0.49 ± 0.20

3.49 ± 0.71

5.57 ± 6.77

12.47 ± 0.12

 Epoxy–silica + modified nanoparticles

34.2

35.8

6.10 ± 0.89

7.87 ± 2.00

12.33 ± 0.16

12.57 ± 0.05