Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Han, Huarui; Wei, Shuya; Yang, Jun; Guan, Li; Li, Wenhuan

doi:10.1186/s40494-019-0279-5

Heritage Science

Table 1 Compounds identified in the chromatograms of the reference samples

From: Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Peak number	Ret. time (min)	Identified compound	Original molecular formula	Peak area (%) Mean ± SD
Peak number	Ret. time (min)	Identified compound	Original molecular formula	Chinese wax	Beeswax
1	22.70	Tetradecanoic acid methyl ester	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.30 ± 0.16	0.05 ± 0.02
2	25.49	Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	0.78 ± 0.39	2.67 ± 0.72
3	26.44	Heneicosane	C₂₁H₄₄	0.03 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.04
4	27.69	9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester	C₁₈H₃₄O₂		0.57 ± 0.29
5	27.78	15-Methoxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester	C₁₆H₃₂O₃		0.29 ± 0.12
6	28.02	Octadecanoic acid methyl ester	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	0.27 ± 0.13	0.67 ± 0.19
7	28.88	Docosane	C₂₂H₄₆	0.65 ± 0.07	2.56 ± 0.71
8	30.03	Tricosane	C₂₃H₄₈	0.57 ± 0.15	5.15 ± 1.42
9	30.13	17-Methoxyoctadecanoic acid methyl ester	C₁₈H₃₆O₃		0.02 ± 0.01
10	30.35	Eicosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₀H₄₀O₂	0.06 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.01
11	31.13	Tetracosane	C₂₄H₅₀	2.09 ± 0.46	6.95 ± 1.38
12	31.45	Docosanol methyl ether	C₂₂H₄₆O	0.05 ± 0.03	0.01 ± 0.00
13	32.19	Pentacosane	C₂₅H₅₂	3.07 ± 0.43	9.03 ± 1.31
14	32.30	19-Methoxyeicosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₀H₄₀O₃		0.02 ± 0.01
15	32.50	Docosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₂H₄₄O₂	0.43 ± 0.18	0.04 ± 0.01
16	33.21	Hexacosane	C₂₆H₅₄	4.07 ± 0.48	9.42 ± 0.70
17	33.51	Tetracosanol methyl ether	C₂₄H₅₀O	1.25 ± 0.60	0.60 ± 0.23
18	34.19	Heptacosane	C₂₇H₅₆	4.07 ± 0.54	10.05 ± 0.48
19	34.50	Tetracosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₄H₄₈O₂	3.66 ± 0.99	0.33 ± 0.09
20	35.15	Octacosane	C₂₈H₅₈	4.79 ± 0.58	9.23 ± 0.42
21	35.28	Methoxytetracosanediol methyl ethers	C₂₄H₅₀O₂		0.02 ± 0.01
22	35.46	Hexacosanol methyl ether	C₂₆H₅₄O	10.10 ± 2.20	0.60 ± 0.14
23	36.17	Nonacosane	C₂₉H₆₀	6.41 ± 0.77	9.26 ± 0.77
24	36.55	Hexacosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₆H₅₂O₂	8.74 ± 3.93	0.16 ± 0.10
25	37.30	Triacontane	C₃₀H₆₂	6.83 ± 0.64	7.41 ± 0.88
26	37.48	Methoxyhexacosanediol methyl ethers	C₂₆H₅₄O₂		0.19 ± 0.01
27	37.69	Octacosanol methyl ether	C₂₈H₅₈O	9.56 ± 0.67	0.50 ± 0.10
28	38.59	Hentriacontane	C₃₁H₆₄	7.89 ± 0.15	6.78 ± 0.88
29	39.09	Octacosanoic acid methyl ester	C₂₈H₅₆O₂	4.36 ± 1.61	0.05 ± 0.02
30	40.10	Dotriacontane	C₃₂H₆₆	7.71 ± 1.42	4.98 ± 0.72
31	40.43	Methoxyoctacosanediol methyl ethers	C₂₈H₅₈O₂		0.14 ± 0.01
32	40.65	Triacontanol methyl ether	C₃₀H₆₂O	0.81 ± 0.40	1.09 ± 0.29
33	41.88	Tritriacontane	C₃₃H₆₈	5.46 ± 0.64	4.28 ± 1.02
34	42.62	Triacontanoic acid methyl ester	C₃₀H₆₀O₂	1.38 ± 0.51	0.04 ± 0.01
35	44.00	Tetratriacontane	C₃₄H₇₀	3.13 ± 0.51	3.15 ± 1.33
36	44.81	Dotriacontanol methyl ether	C₃₂H₆₆O	0.15 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.21
37	46.56	Pentatriacontane	C₃₅H₇₂	1.51 ± 0.23	3.04 ± 1.52
38	47.67	Dotriacontanoic acid methyl ester	C₃₂H₆₄O₂	0.33 ± 0.23	0.01 ± 0.00

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