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Table 1 Summary of material assignments in Apparition and Head within an Aureole

From: Odilon Redon’s noir drawings: characterization of materials and methods using noninvasive imaging and spectroscopies

 

Color

Material assignment

MA-XRF

Raman

FORS

Apparition

Black 1

Fabricated chalk

Fe, Ca, Ti, K, Si

Carbon

Black 2

Bone black pastel

Ca, Fe, P, S

Carbon

Black 3

Carbon black pastel

Fe, Ti, Si

Carbon

Black 4

Carbon black (and aniline black) pastel

Cu

Carbon

Black 5*

Vine charcoal

Carbon

Black 6

Compressed charcoal

Carbon

Yellow

Yellow iron oxide and calcite pastel

Ca, Fe, K, S

Calcite

Yellow iron oxide

Head within an Aureole

Black A

Carbon black (and aniline black) pastel

Fe, Cr, Pb, Ca, Si, S

Carbon

Black B*

Vine charcoal

Carbon

Pink A

Vermilion and calcite pastel

Ca, Hg, S

Vermilion, calcite

Pink B

Alizarin and calcite pastel

Ca, S

Calcite

Alizarin

Blue

Ultramarine pastel

S, Si, K

Ultramarine

  1. Assignments in italics are suggested by analysis rather than confirmed. Materials marked with * were distinguished by infrared RIS with increasing reflectance at longer wavelength. Major elements detected by MA-XRF are in bold italics (see Additional file 1 for spectra)