From ‘Vermeer Illuminated’ to ‘The Girl in the Spotlight’: approaches and methodologies for the scientific (re-)examination of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring

Heritage Science

Table 1 Non-invasive imaging performed in 2018

Non-invasive imaging	Abbreviation	Reference for experimental method
Computer-assisted thread-level canvas analysis		[8]
Fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy	FORS	[8, 9]
Fluorescence imaging spectroscopy	FIS	[9]
High-resolution 3D colour/gloss scanner	High-Res 3D scan	[10]
High-resolution 3D digital microscopy		[8, 10, 12,13,14]
Macroscopic X-ray fluorescence	MA-XRF	[9, 11,12,13,14]
Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction	MA-XRPD	[11]
Multi-scale optical coherence tomography	MS-OCT	[10, 14]
Multispectral infrared reflectography	MS-IRR	[8, 9]
Reflectance imaging spectroscopy: visible-to-near-infrared (400–1000 nm) and shortwave infrared (967-1680)	VNIR/SWIR	[8, 9, 12, 13]
Standard-resolution 3D colour/gloss/topography scanner	Std-Res 3D scan	[10]
Stereomicroscopy		[2]
Technical photography		[8], see below
Ultraviolet	UV	see below
X-radiography		[8]