Primary research on the bronze technology of Lower Xiajiadian Culture in northeastern China

Heritage Science

Table 2 The XRF and SEM/EDS analysis of the ore samples

	Sample	ORE02	ORE03	ORE04	ORE05	ORE06	ORE07	ORE08	ORE09	ORE10	ORE12
XRF normalized data^a	O	61.06	74.93	62.58	68.01	60.43	57.55	53.60	40.15	53.00	64.54
	F	3.59	0.00	1.56	0.00	0.00	1.47	0.00	3.27	0.00	0.00
	Al	1.50	3.63	3.28	0.41	0.88	2.25	3.72	0.64	4.01	1.73
	Si	3.97	6.89	11.18	6.48	2.63	8.30	11.19	2.99	9.13	3.77
	K	1.02	2.50	4.18	0.31	0.47	1.97	0.27	0.28	3.52	0.24
	Ca	10.90	0.22	3.72	0.18	2.40	3.60	0.88	12.97	0.79	0.75
	Fe	9.24	9.98	7.06	10.54	25.72	11.28	17.41	3.46	16.62	11.60
	Cu	6.14	0.99	5.69	7.08	5.05	6.16	9.77	30.67	6.60	7.65
	As	1.04	0.00	0.77	0.17	2.34	0.73	3.12	5.35	0.60	1.09
	Sn	1.54	0.87	0.00	6.82	0.09	6.69	0.04	0.21	5.75	8.61
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
SEM–XRD^b	Sn + O	Cassiterite	Cassiterite		Cassiterite		Cassiterite			Cassiterite	Cassiterite
	Fe + W + O	Wolframite			Wolframite		Wolframite			Wolframite	Wolframite
	Ca + F	Fluorite		Fluorite			Fluorite		Fluorite
	REE + P		Monazite				Monazite				Monazite
	Oxide	Fe + Cu + As	Fe + Cu	Fe + Cu+As	Fe + Cu	Fe + Cu+As	Fe + Cu + As	Fe + Cu + As	Fe + Cu + As		Fe + Cu + As
	Sulfide	Fe + Cu		Fe + As	Cu + As	Fe + As			Cu + As	Fe+Cu

^aSome elements had been eliminate considering the low contents and pollution
^bParts of minerals like Cassiterite and Fluorite could be characterized by XRD analysis others were determined by EDS data and morphology of SEM features