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Table 2 Specifications of 3D scanning systems used in this case study, including: system design, scan modalities, system components, computational hardware used, resolution, scan area, settings used, and the configuration of the setup

From: Comparison of three 3D scanning techniques for paintings, as applied to Vermeer’s ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’

System model

MS-OCT

Std-Res 3D scan

High-Res 3D scan

3D digital microscopy

White light confocal profilometry

Custom

Custom, 2nd gen.

Custom design, 3rd gen.

Hirox RH-2000

Hirox Nano Point Scanner

Scan modalities(s)

Topography

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

Colour

 

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

 

Stratigraphy

\(\times\)

    

Gloss

 

\(\times\)

   

Imaging component(s)

1

2

2

1

1

Camera model

N/A

Nikon D800E

Canon 5DS-R

Hirox

JYFEL

Lens model

Thorlabs LSM04-BB

Nikkor PC-E 85 mm

Canon TS-E 90 mm

MXB-5000REZ at 140\(\times\)

NP3

Lens extension tube(s)

N/A

N/A

Canon EF25 II

N/A

N/A

Filter(s)

N/A

3 Hoya HD polarisers

3 Canon polarisers

N/A

N/A

Illumination component(s)

1

1

1

2

1

Type

SLD

Projector

Projector

Fiber optics LED

Fiber optics LED

Model/type

N/A

Acer X113H

AXAA M6

Hirox

JYFEL

Illumination intensity

N/A

2800 lm

1200 lm

Raking light at 100% and dark field at 10%

100%

Computational hardware

Computer

Dell T1700

ASUSTeK

ASUSTeK

Apple iMac

Apple iMac

Processor

Intel Xeon E3-1271v3

Intel Core i7

Intel Core i7

Intel Core i5

Intel Core i5

RAM memory

16 GB

128 Gb

128 Gb

32 GB

32 GB

Memory

1 TB SSD

500 Gb SSD

500 Gb SSD

1 TB SSD

1 TB SSD

Scan sampling resolution

Lateral resolution (XY)

\(8.5\,\upmu \hbox {m}\times 67.6\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(25\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(7\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(1.1\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(2.6\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

Depth resolution (Z)

\(3.0\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(27.5\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(17.5\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

N/A

\(<.150\,\upmu \hbox {m}^{\mathrm{a}}\)

Scan area

Tile size (XY)

\(5\hbox { mm}\times 5\hbox { mm}\)

\(170\hbox { mm}\times 100\hbox { mm}\)

\(60\hbox { mm}\times 40\hbox { mm}\)

\(2.1\hbox { mm}\times 1.31\hbox { mm}\)

N/A

Depth-of-field

\(1.87\,\hbox {mm}\)

\(\approx 8.5\,\hbox {mm}\)

\(\approx 1\,\hbox {mm}\)

\(0.05\,\hbox {mm}\)

\(1.40\,\hbox {mm}\)

Automated range (XY)

\(0.2\hbox { m}\times 0.2\hbox { m}\)

\(1.3\hbox { m}\times 1.3\hbox { m}\)

\(1.0\hbox { m}\times 1.0\hbox { m}\)

\(0.5\hbox { m}\times 0.5\hbox { m}\)

\(0.5\hbox { m}\times 0.5\hbox { m}\)

Settings

ISO

N/A

100

100

Gain 0 dB

N/A

Aperture

N/A

1/16

1/16

Full open

N/A

Shutter speed

N/A

0.5 s

3.2 s

1/250 s

N/A

Other parameters

N/A

N/A

N/A

Edge \(=\) 9, Sat. \(=\) 2, Colour \(=\) 2

N/A

Images per tile

1024

26

26

\(\approx\) 50 for \(450\,\upmu \hbox {m}\) top-bottom range

N/A

Tile overlap

N/A

41% (X), 30% (Y)

20% (X), 25% (Y)

30%

N/A

Configuration

Painting orientation

Vertical

Vertical

Vertical

Horizontal

Horizontal

Imaging distance (l)

\(\simeq 42\,\hbox {mm}\)

440 mm

175 mm

10 mm

12 mm

Imaging angle (\(\beta\))

\(\approx 5.0^{\circ }\)

\(40^{\circ }\)

\(21.5^{\circ }\)

\(0^{\circ }\)

\(0^{\circ }\)

  1. The latter specifies the orientation of the painting during scanning, the imaging distance l, which is the closest point of the system to the painting’s surface, and the imaging angle \(\beta\), describing the angle between the painting’s surface normal and the optical axis of the imaging components
  2. aStated depth accuracy by manufacturer