Quantification of formic acid and acetic acid emissions from heritage collections under indoor room conditions. Part I: laboratory and field measurements

Heritage Science

Table 4 VOCs detected in chamber air from the four paper samples at 23 °C and 50% RH

Sample no.	1	2	3	4	References
C13 (Tridecane)				0.1	[7, 36, 39]
C14 (Tetradecane)				0.3	[6, 39]
C15 (Pentadecane)				0.3	[7, 36, 39]
C16 (Hexadecane)				0.4	[7, 36, 39]
C17 (Heptadecane)				0.7	[39]
C18 (Octadecane)				0.2	[7, 36, 39]
Benzaldehyde	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	[1, 6, 7, 36, 40]
Pentanal				0.7	[6, 37, 41]
n-Hexanal				*3.0*	[6, 37,38,39,40,41]
n-Heptanal				0.3	[6, 7, 36, 39, 40]
Octanal	0.2			0.3	[36]
n-Nonanal	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	[1, 6, 7, 36, 39, 40]
n-Decanal	0.2	0.2	0.	0.2	[1, 6, 7, 36]
Furfural		0.1	0.1		[1, 3, 6, 7, 41, 42]
2-ethyl-1-hexanol	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	[1, 6, 7, 36, 38, 39]
n-propanol				0.1
1,2-Propanediol	*2.0*
n-Butanol	0.2				[6, 39]
n-Pentanol				0.5
Toluene	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	[1, 6, 7, 36, 37, 39,40,41]
Phenol		0.1			[6, 7, 36, 39]
Formic acid	*5.5*	*3.1*	*2.1*	*1.4*	[5, 41, 43]
Acetic acid	*11.9*	*6.7*	*8.0*	*31.7*	[1, 3, 5,6,7, 28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]
Propanoic acid	0.4			0.7	[3, 6, 40]
Butanoic acid	0.2			*1.6*	[3, 6, 7, 36]
Pentanoic acid	0.3				[3, 6, 7, 35, 36]
Hexanoic acid	*0.8*	0.2	0.3	*0.8*	[3, 6, 7, 35, 36]
Acetone		0.3	0.3	0.3	[3, 6, 7, 35,36,37]
2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene		0.1
2,6-Di(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzoquinone				0.2
Benzothiazole	0.2	0.1	0.2
N,N-Dibutylformamide			0.1	0.1
Vanillin		0.2			[3, 5,6,7, 35, 36]
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane			0.1

The emphasis indicates the presence of the specific compound (italic indicates trace concentrations and bold italic concentrations above 10 µg m⁻³). The area-specific emission rate (µg m⁻² h⁻¹) for each compound has additionally been added. In addition, the right column contains references to other studies detecting the same VOC off-gassing from paper