Skip to main content

Table 2 Qero ages based on stylistic chronologies and isotopic methods

From: Isotopic composition of lead white pigments on qeros: implications for the chronology and production of Andean ritual drinking vessels during the colonial era

Museum ID

Published chronologies

14C ages/Calendar age range*

Group 1 (European source inferred)

AMNH B9165

Late 16th century [19]

 

BMA 36.356

  

NMAI 06/5838

  

Group 2 (European source inferred)

AMNH B9180

  

BMA 64.210.2

Late 16th to 17th century [77]

 

BMA 1993.2

Late 16th to 17th century [77]

 

MMA 1994.35.13

Early to mid-17th century [78]

 

Private collection A

 

Resin: 180 ± 15 14C years BP

1671-1923 cal years AD

Wood: 300 ± 15 14C years BP

1513–1664 cal years AD

Group 3 (Andean source inferred)

AMNH B1848

  

AMNH 41.2/516

Late 17th to early 18th century [1]

Wood: 185 ± 30 14C years BP**

1666–modern cal years AD

AMNH 41.2/602

  

AMNH 41.2/7659A

  

BMA 42.149

Late 17th to 18th century post-1630 AD [19]

 

MMA 1994.35.25

  

MMA 1994.35.26

Late 17th century [78]

 

NMAI 06/5837

18th century [19]

 

NMAI 10/5636

  

NMAI 16/6131

  

NMAI 17/5445

18th century [1]

 

Private collection B

  
  1. *Radiocarbon ages were calibrated using Oxcal v. 4.3 [79] and the SHCal13 atmospheric curve [80]. Details of the radiocarbon dating of resin and wood from “Private Collection A” are given in Additional file 3
  2. **The 14C age on AMNH 41.2/516 was reported in Cooke et al. [81]