Fig. 6From: Taya Caves, a Buddhist marvel hidden in underground Japan: stone properties, deterioration, and environmental settingSome of the stone deterioration patterns recognized in Taya Caves: erosion and rounding of the carved elements (a, e), black soiling and patinas (a, b), fractures (c), splitting (d), and peeling (f). The presence of flowing water is displayed in (g). The partial collapse of a sculpted ceiling is showed in (h)Back to article page