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Table 2 Review of research and analysis of different types of historical carpentry joints

From: Historical scarf and splice carpentry joints: state of the art

Type of carpentry joints/element with joints

Authors’ country

Experimental research

Numerical analysis

Analytical description

Flexural joints/elements

 Lapped scarf joint with inclined faces

Kunecký et al., Czech Republic

✓

✓

 

 Scarf joints with pins or keys

Fajman et al., Czech Republic

✓

 

✓

 Splice and scarf joints with pegs (under-squinted butt in halved scarf, side-halved and bridled, stop-splayed and tabled scarf with key, face-halved and bridled scarf)

Hirst et al., United Kingdom

✓

  

 Composite beam with stop-splayed scarf joints

Mirabella-Roberti et al., Italy

 

✓

 

 Composite beam with stop-splayed scarf joints

Rug et al., Germany

✓

 

✓

 Halved and tabled scarf joint and stop-splayed scarf joint with key

Sangree et al., USA

✓

✓

 

Tensile joints/elements

 Halved and tabled tenoned scarf joints

Aira et al., Spain

✓

✓

✓

 Stop-splayed scarf joints with keys

Ceraldi et al., Italy

✓