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Fig. 4 | Heritage Science

Fig. 4

From: The interaction of water with archaeological and ethnographic birch bark and its effects on swelling, shrinkage and deformations

Fig. 4

Harvesting of the bark from a birch tree in summer. On the top the characteristic white outer birch bark (phellem) and the brown horizontal lenticels are visible (arrows). A vertical cut was made on the left to begin the removal of the phellem. The separation of the phellem took place along the phellogen and the green phelloderm stayed on the trunk. The lenticels are visible as impressions on the trunk. The red tone of the inner side of the phellem is visible on the right

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