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Heritage Science

Table 3 The results of elemental (XRF, EDX) and spectral analysis (micro-FTIR, micro-RS) of the studied samples

From: A study of “The Portrait of F.P. Makerovsky in a Masquerade Costume” by Dmitry Levitsky from the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery

Sample no.

Layer

micro-RS

micro-FTIR

EDXa

XRFa

1

Green

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2), Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, vermillion HgS

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Pb, Si, Ca, Fe, Al, K, Ti

Pb, Hg, Fe

Brown

Vermillion HgS, lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2)

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2), kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Pb, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti

Light ground

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2), vermillion HgS, yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O, Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2)

Pb, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti

Pb, Fe

Dark ground

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2), kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), vermillion HgS, yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O, Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Pb, K, Ti, Na, Cl, As

Fe, Pb, Ca, Mn

2

Green

Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, vermillion HgS

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2)

Si, Al, Pb, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Sb

Pb, Fe

Dark grey

Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Pb, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, As

Light grey

Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, vermillion HgS

Malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2)

Light inter-layer in the ground

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Si, Al, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Mg, Ti, Ca, As

Pb, Fe, Ti, Ca

Ground

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Pb, Fe, Ti

3

Green

Lead white ((PbCO3)2·Pb(OH)2), vermillion HgS

Prussian blue Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2)

Pb, Si, Fe, Al, Ca, Mn, Sn, P

Pb, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ca

Brown

CaCO3, yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O

Yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O

Fe, Si, Ca, Al, Mn, Pb, P, Mg, K

Light inter-layer in the ground

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Si, Al, Fe, K, Pb, Ca, Ti

Pb, Fe, Ti, K, Ca

Ground

Si, Al, Fe, K, Pb, Ca, Ti, As

4

Brown

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8), yellow ochre FeO(OH)·nH2O

Fe, Si, Ca, Al, P, Pb, As, Na, Cl, K, Mg

Pb, Fe, Ti, K, Ca

Ground

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Kaolinite (Al4[Si4O10](OH)8)

Si, Al, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Ca, Ti, As, P, Mg, S, Cl

Pb, Fe, Ti

5

Varnish layer

Natural resin

Natural resin

–

–

6

Varnish layer

Natural resin

Natural resin

–

–

  1. aThe chemical elements determined by the XRF and EDX methods are listed in the table in order of their content decreasing
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