Sustainability problems of the Giza pyramids

Heritage Science

Table 17 Physical characteristics of aggregates for the structural mortars

Pyramid	Mortars type	Aggregate max size (mm)	Proportion mortar to aggregate	Fines < 0.075 mm (%)
Cheops	Gypsum mortar	12	1:2.2	42.21
		10	1:2.2	31.15
		12	1:2.1	40.22
		13	1:2.2	37.23
		11	1:2.1	39.24
		10	1:2.2	32.21
		13	1:2.2	32.31
		12	1:2.2	40.51
Chephren	Gypsum mortar	13	1:3.2	33.22
		14	1:3.2	35.31
		16	1:3.2	24.42
		16	1:2.1	28.51
		17	1:2.2	31.31
		16	1:2.2	30.21
Mykerinos	Lime based mortar	18	1:2.2	22.42
		20	1:2.1	23.41
		18	1:3.2	33.32
		25	1:2.3	35.21
		22	1:3.2	38.81