Fig. 10
From: Technical examination of Liu Kang’s Paris and Shanghai painting supports (1929–1937)
Microscopy and corresponding backscattered electron (BSE) images of cross-sections with the ground layer extracted from the Paris paintings. The images show five types of identified grounds: a, b ground of type 1 with clumps of lead white (white) and fine particles of chalk; c, d ground of type 2 with rectangular particles of barium white (grey) and clusters of lead white (white); e, f ground of type 3 with coarse particles of barium white (grey) and clumps of lead white (white); g, h ground of type 4 with particles of chalk (dark grey); i, j ground of type 5 with particles of chalk (grey)