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Table 2 Holocellulose and lignin pyrolysis products by category

From: Comparative chemical investigations of alum treated archaeological wood from various museum collections

 Pyrolysis products from wood

Category

Holocellulose pyrolysis productsa

2-Hydroxymethylfuran (TMS), 3-hydroxymethylfuran (TMS), 2-furancarboxylic acid (TMS), 2,3-dihydrofuran-2,3-diol (2TMS), 2-furyl-hydroxymethylketone (TMS), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (TMS)

Furans

1-Hydroxy-1-cyclopenten-3-one (TMS), 2-hydroxy-1-cyclopenten-3-one (TMS), Z- and E-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopent-2-enone (TMS), 2-hydroxymethyl-3-methy-2-cyclopentenone (TMS), 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-cyclopenten-3-one (TMS), 1-methy-2-hydroxy-1-cyclopenten-3-one (TMS), 2-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclopentenone (TMS), Z- and E-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopent-2-enone (2TMS), 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclopentenone (2TMS), 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl) cyclopenta-2,4-dienone (2TMS)

Cyclopentenones

3-Hydroxy-(2H)-pyran-2-one (TMS), 3-hydroxy-(4H)-pyran-4-one (TMS), 5-hydroxy-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one (TMS), 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-(2H)-pyran-2-one (TMS), 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-(4H)-pyran-4-one (TMS), 2-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (TMS), 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-(4H)-pyran-4-one (2TMS), 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-(4H)-pyran-4-one (2TMS), 2,3,5-trihydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (3TMS)

Pyranones

1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene (3TMS), 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (3TMS), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (2TMS), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (2TMS)

Hydroxybenzenes

1,4-Anydro-d-galactopyranose (3TMS), 1,6-anydro-beta-d-glucopyranose (3TMS), 1,4-anhydro-d-glucopyranose (3TMS), 1,6-anydro-beta-d-glucofuranose (3TMS)

Anhydrosugars

Lignin pyrolysis productsa

4-Methylcatechol (2TMS), 3-methoxy-1,2-benzenediol (2TMS), 5-propyl-3-methoxy-1,2-benzenediol (2TMS), trihydroxy cinnamic alcohol (3TMS), 3,4-dihydroxy cinnamyl alcohol (3TMS), 2-methoxy-3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic alcohol (3TMS)

Demeyhylated

Coumaryl alcohol (2 TMS), Z and E coniferyl alcohol (2 TMS), Z and E sinapyl alcohol (TMS)

Monomers

o-, m-, p-Cresol (TMS), phenol (TMS), guaiacol (TMS), vinyl phenol (TMS), 4-methylguaiacol (TMS), 4-ethylguaiacol (TMS), syringol (TMS), 4-vinylguaiacol (TMS), 4-ethylcatechol (2TMS), 4-methylsyringol (TMS), 4-ethylsyringol (TMS), 4-vinylsyringol (TMS)

Short chain

 Eugenol (TMS), vanillyl alcohol (2 TMS), propenyl-syringol (TMS), vanillylpropanol (2TMS), syringylpropanol (2TMS)

Long chain

p-Hydroxy benzaldehyde (TMS), vanillin (TMS), acetovanillone (TMS), syringaldehyde (TMS), acetosyringone (TMS), coniferylaldehyde (TMS), sinapylaldehyde (TMS), benzoic acid TMS, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (2TMS), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenepropanoic acid (2TMS), vanillic acid (2TMS), syringic acid (2TMS), coumaryl acid (2TMS), 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy benzoic acid (3TMS)

Oxidised

  1. aThe number of trimethylsilyl groups (TMS) attached to the pyrolysis products is given in parentheses