Material | Conclusion | XRF | rFTIR | Raman | FORS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carrier material for writing and painting | |||||
Whitish folios | Parchment with CaCO3 content | S, Cl, K, Ca, (Fe) | Parchment, calcium carbonate | Calcium carbonate | Uncharacteristic |
Writing inks | |||||
Brown, main text | Iron gall ink | Fe, (Cu, Pb) | Uncharacteristic partially calcium oxalate | Iron gall ink | Increasing reflectance in NIR |
Brown, marginal notes | Iron gall ink | S, K, Fe, (Cu) | Uncharacteristic | Iron gall ink | Not analyzed |
Red ink, main text | Vermilion | S, Hg | Uncharacteristic | Vermilion | Vermilion |
Colorants | |||||
White | Lead white | Pb | Lead white | Not analyzed | Uncharacteristic |
Blue | Azurite | Fe, Cu | Azurite | Not analyzed | Azurite |
Light blue | Azurite, lead white | Fe, Cu, Pb | Azurite, lead white | Not analyzed | Azurite |
Green | Orpiment, indigo, gypsum | Si, S, K, (Fe), As | Gypsum | Orpiment & indigo | Indigo |
Gold-beige | Mosaic gold | S, Sn | Uncharacteristic partially gypsum | Not analyzed | Not analyzed |
Yellow | Ochre, kaolin, lead white | Si, (Ti), Fe, Cu, Pb | Kaolin, lead white | Not analyzed | Not analyzed |
Orange | Minium | Pb | Parchment bands attenuated | Minium | Not analyzed |
Red | Vermilion | Hg, S | Uncharacteristic | Vermilion | Vermilion |
Red | Brazilwood lake | Ca | Calcium carbonate | Not analyzed | Brazilwood lake |
Pink | Brazilwood lake, lead white | Ca, Pb | Calcium carbonate, lead white | Not analyzed | Brazilwood lake |
Brown | Iron oxide | Ca, Fe | Uncharacteristic | Iron oxide | Not analyzed |
Brown | Iron oxide with silicate | Si, S, Ti, Fe | Not analyzed | Not analyzed | Not analyzed |
Black | Carbon black | Only elements from parchment | Uncharacteristic | Carbon black | Carbon black |