Table 1 List of pigments identified with FORS and macro-XRF and possible attributions

 WHITE I

Not tested

Pb + Ba (trace element)

Lead white, barium is present in earth pigments

Original Iranian painter

Face, hilt of the dagger, hands and tights, a few dots in the dress

 WHITE II

Not tested

Ca + Sn (trace element)

Calcite, Tin probably used as opacifier or extender 

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Feather turban, collar and sash, dots in the dress

Retouching in the forehead, cheeks, chin, ear and hands

Highlights in the orange and the blue sashes

 RED

First derivative spectrum: inflection point at 598 nm

Vermilion

Hg, S

Vermillion

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Shoes

Dots in the dress

 BLUE I

Sash, dots all over the dress, undershirt 

Reflectance peak at around 450–480 nm, a broad absorption band between 600–900 nm, and three characteristic absorption bands in the near infra-red at 1495, 2285, 2350 nm

 Azurite

 Cu

 Azurite

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

BLUE II  ( to be in a new row below) dots in the lower part of the dress

Not tested

S, Al, K

Lapis lazuli

Original Iranian painter

BLUE III Darker areas in the blue Sash

Not tested

Co + Ni, As, K, Fe (trace elements)

Smalt. Nickel,Arsenic, Potassium and Iron are present in the cobalt ore and are part of the smalt composition

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

 ORANGE

First derivative spectrum: inflection points at 554 nm and 564 nm

Orpiment

As, S

Orpiment

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Sash, cup handle and undershirt

GOLD I (greyish)

Not tested

Au

Gold based paint

Original Iranian painter

Background of the dress, Landscape overpainted with the black paint, highlights in the cup and the turban

 GOLD II (shiny)

Not tested

Au, Cu

Gold alloy (with copper) based paint

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Highlights in the turban, the sword, the dress and in the cup and handle

 SILVER

Not tested

Ag, Cl

Silver based paint, chlorine might come from the preparation of the silver paintChlorine might come from the preparation of the silver paint

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Buttons, highlights in the turban, the cup and the dress

 BROWN

Not tested

Fe, Mn

Umber

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist

Turban, sleeves, belt, contours

 GREY

Not tested

K, Ti, Si

Cannot be identified at that point but probably an earth pigment

Turban (darker areas under gold)

 BLACK BACKGROUND

Not tested

Ca, K, Co, Fe, Ni

Probably carbon black

Gesina ter Borsch or a seventeenth century Dutch artist