Table 6 Summary on detected elements and estimated pigments for the painting in this study
Color | Major elements | Minor elements | Interpreted pigments |
|---|---|---|---|
Blue-1 | Cu | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Cl, As, Pb, Zn | Azurite + Lead White or White Clay |
Blue-2 | Cu | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, S, Cl, As, Pb | |
Green | Cu, Cl | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, S, As, Co, Pb | Emerald Green, Clinoatacamite |
Yellow-1 | Pb, S | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, As, Ba, Cu, Hg | Litharge on Lead White |
Yellow-2 | Pb, S | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, As, Ba, Cu | |
Red | Fe, Pb, Hg, S | Ti, Ca, K, Cl, Ba, Cu | Hematite, Red Lead (or Cinnabar) |
Black | C | Fe, Ti, Ca, Mg, K, S, Cl, As, Cu, Pb, Zn | Chinese Ink |
White | Al, Si, Pb | Mg, P, S, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Ba | Lead White and White Clay |
Violet | Cu, Fe, Pb | Ti, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, S, As, Zn | Azurite + Hematite + Lead White |
Pink | Ca, Pb | Fe, Ti, Mg, K, As, Cu | Red Lead and Oyster Shell W |