XRF elemental analysis of inks in South American manuscripts from 1779 to 1825

Heritage Science

Table 2 Elements present in the papers of the Tupac Amaru II manuscript (eighteenth century)

Element	Elemental composition of the 18th-century paper (ppm)
Element	TA-P1	TA-P2	TA-P3	TA-P4	x̅	SD
S	7199 ± 194	7940 ± 215	9040 ± 243	6610 ± 198	7697	907
Cl	1801 ± 52	7587 ± 100	2817 ± 70	5229 ± 83	4359	2242
K	1385 ± 33	5152 ± 58	2409 ± 47	5230 ± 58	3544	1687
Ca	40,505 ± 185	50,352 ± 233	56,094 ± 274	50,794 ± 231	49,436	5630
Ti	65 ± 3	91 ± 4	103 ± 4	82 ± 4	85	14
V	23.8 ± 0.9	27.5 ± 1	33.9 ± 1.2	25.1 ± 1	28	4
Cr	101 ± 2	114 ± 3	128 ± 3	112 ± 3	114	10
Mn	264 ± 4	307 ± 4	343 ± 4	284 ± 4	300	29
Fe	990 ± 17	1672 ± 24	1179 ± 22	795 ± 15	1159	326
Cu	8 ± 2	20 ± 3	70 ± 4	51 ± 3	37	25
Zn	13.3 ± 1.5	28.8 ± 2	29 ± 2	22.7 ± 1.7	23	6
As	22 ± 2	30 ± 3	22 ± 2	19.8 ± 1.9	23	4
Rb	5.1 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.7	6.4 ± 0.8	4.9 ± 0.6	5	1
Sr	19.4 ± 1.1	22.8 ± 1.3	25.1 ± 1.5	24.2 ± 1.2	23	2
Pb	107 ± 3	148 ± 3	89 ± 3	72 ± 2	104	28
Ag	27 ± 4	17 ± 4	17 ± 5	24 ± 4	21	4