Fig. 8

A Peter Paul Rubens, The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, c. 1613–15. Oil on panel, 146 × 233 cm. Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp), inv.no. 307–311. B Detail showing a dark outline around the hand of Thomas. Images courtesy of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp. C Infrared reflectogram of Thomas’ hand. Image courtesy of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp. D MA-XRF Cu-K Map, showing the dark halo in the underpainting contains a copper-based pigment