Table 2 Overview of canvas and ground characteristic of the investigated paintings
Title & inventory number | Date | Weave | Average thread count/cm | Twist | Fibre | Weave matching group | Sample, layer number | SEM–EDS detected elements* | FTIR identification | Result | Type of ground |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Village, 2003-03270 | 1950 | Plain | V14 × H17 | Z | Linen | 1 | 9, 2 | Ti, O, C, Pb, Ba, Zn, (S, Si, Na, Cl, Ca, Al) | Lead white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, oil | Titanium white, lead white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, chalk, oil | 1 |
9, 1 | Pb, C, O, Ba, Zn, S, Ti, Na, (Si, Cl, Al) | Lead white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, oil | Lead white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, titanium white, oil | ||||||||
Kampong scene, 2003-03245 | 1951 | Plain | V13 × H15 | Z | Linen | 2 | 3, 2 | C, O, Pb, Zn, Ba, Na, Si, Ca, (Ti, S, Al, Cl, Mg) | Lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, chalk, oil | Lead white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, chalk, titanium white, oil | 2 |
3, 1 | O, C, Pb, Ca, Si, Al, Zn, Ba, (Na, K, Fe, Sr, Cl) | Lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, lead white, chalk, oil | Lead white, chalk, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, oil | ||||||||
Orchids, 2003-03379 | 1952 | Plain | V13 × H15 | Z | Linen | 2 | 3, 2 | C, O, Zn, Pb, Na, Si, (Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, P, Cl) | Lead white, chalk, China clay, oil, zinc soap | Zinc white, lead white, chalk, China clay, titanium white, oil, zinc soap | 2 |
3, 1 | O, Pb, C, Zn, Al, Si, Ca, (Na, K, Ti) | China clay, lead white, chalk, oil, zinc soap | Lead white, zinc white, China clay, chalk, titanium white, oil, zinc soap | ||||||||
Government Office in Johore Bahru, 2003-03300 | 1953 | Plain | V15 × H13 | Z | Linen | 2 | 22, 2 | Zn, C, Pb, O, Na, Ca, (Ba, Ti, Si, Al, Mg) | Zinc white, lead white, chalk, barium white, titanium white | 2 | |
22, 1 | O, C, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, (Si, Sn, Al) | Chalk, lead white, oil, zinc soap | Chalk, zinc white, lead white, oil, zinc soap | ||||||||
Scene in Bali, 2003-03333 | 1953 | Plain | V15 × H13 | Z | Linen | 2 | 14, 2 | C, Zn, Pb, O, Na, Ca, Ba, (Cr, Fe, Al, Si, Ti) | Lead white, chalk, oil, zinc soap | Zinc white, lead white, chalk, barium white, titanium white, oil, zinc soap | 2 |
14, 1 | C, O, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, (Ba, Cr, Si, Al, Fe) | Chalk, lead white, oil | Chalk, zinc white, lead white, barium white, oil | ||||||||
Offerings, 2003-03269 | 1953 | Plain | V10 × H11 | Z | Linen | 4 | 1, 1 | Pb, C, O, (Ba, Ca, Cl) | Lead white, chalk, oil, proteins | Lead white, barium white, chalk, oil, proteins | 4 |
Outdoor painting, 2003-03290 | 1954 | Plain | V19 × H17 | Z | Linen | 3 | 1, 1 | C, Zn, O, (S, Si) | Oil, zinc soap | Zinc white, oil, zinc soap | 3 |
Painting kampong, 2003-04149 | 1954 | Plain | V19 × H17 | Z | Linen | 3 | 1, 1 | Zn, C, O, (S, Si) | Oil, zinc soap | Zinc white, oil, zinc soap | 3 |
Boats, 2003-03275 | 1956 | Plain | V13 × H15 | Z | Linen | 2 | 1, 2 | C, Zn, Pb, O, Na, Ca, Ba, (Si, Ti, Al) | Zinc white, lead white, chalk, barium white, titanium white | 2 | |
1, 1 | O, C, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, (Si) | Chalk, lead white, oil | Chalk, zinc white, lead white, oil | ||||||||
Char Siew seller, 2003-03311 | 1958 | Plain | V13 × H15 | Z | Linen | 2 | 1, 3 | C, O, Ti, Zn, Pb, Ca, Na, Si, (Ba, S, Cl, Sr, P) | Titanium white, lithopone and/or barium white and zinc white, lead white, chalk | 5 | |
1, 2 | Zn, C, Pb, O, Na, Ca, (Si, Cl) | Chalk, lead white, oil, zinc soap | Zinc white, lead white, chalk, oil, zinc soap | ||||||||
1, 1 | O, C, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, (Si) | Chalk, lead white, oil, zinc soap | Chalk, zinc white, lead white, oil, zinc soap |