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Table 1 Assignment of C 1 s regions

From: pH-dependent warping behaviors of ancient lacquer films excavated in Shanxi, China

Carbon type

Binding energy (eV)

Corresponding chemical bonds

C1

284.8

C–C or C–H

C2

286.3 ± 0.1

C–O

C3

288.0 ± 0.1

C= O or O–C–O

C4

289.0 ± 0.1

O =C–OH