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Heritage Science
Fig. 9 | Heritage Science

Fig. 9

From: Use of standard analytical tools to detect small amounts of smalt in the presence of ultramarine as observed in 15th-century Venetian illuminated manuscripts

Fig. 9

XRF analysis and microscopic examination of the ultramarine-smalt-titanium white paint-outs (Set 2). a Cross-section of the paint-out containing mass smalt 8.3% which shows the smalt particles are inhomogeneously distributed. b 3-D surface plot showing XRF counts (peak height) for iron K-alpha and cobalt K-alpha in an XRF linescan of the paint-out containing mass smalt 1%. XRF linescan parameters: 100 μm X-ray spot size, 100 μm step size, 10 s collection time per spot, 50 kV, 200 μA, Rh excitation

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