Table 1 Summary of FORS and XRF results obtained on the blue areas of the illuminated manuscript fragments analyzed
Title | Area | ‘Inside’ | ‘Outside’ | FORS | XRF—Major, minor, (trace) signal | Pigments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dormition of the Virgin | Initial G | ✓ | max refl 476 nm, min refl 600 nm, abs 1452 nm | Si, Pb, K, Al, Fe, Co, S (Cu, Ti, Mg, Na) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Background to text | ✓ | max refl 462 nm, min refl 600 nm | Si, Pb, K, Fe, Al, Co, S, Cl? (Ti, Mg, Na) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Sky | ✓ | max refl 471 nm, min refl 594 nm | Pb, Si, Al, K, Fe, Co, (Na, Mg, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Book | ✓ | n/a | Si, Pb, K, Al, Cl? (Na) | Ultramarine, lead white | ||
Virgin’s robe | ✓ | max refl 455 nm, min refl 600 nm, abs band 1452 nm | Pb, Si, K, Al, Cl? (Na, Ti?) | Ultramarine, lead white | ||
St Blaise | Dark blue in border | ✓ | max refl 469 nm, min refl 597 nm, slight abs 1450 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, K, Si, (Ti, As, Al?) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Light blue in border | ✓ | max refl 471 nm, min refl 594 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, Al, Si (K?, Ti?) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Dark blue in robe | ✓ | max refl 469 nm, min refl 593 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, K, Si (Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Light blue in robe | ✓ | max refl 468 nm, min refl 594 nm, abs 1452 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, K, Si, Hg, (Ti?) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white, vermilion (likely on verso) | ||
Blue on glove | ✓ | n/a | Pb, Fe, Co, K (Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
St Jerome | Dark blue in border | ✓ | max refl 470 nm, min refl 597 nm | Pb, Fe. Co, K, Si (Al, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Light blue in border | ✓ | max refl 465 nm, min refl 597 nm, slight abs 1451 nm | Pb, Fe. Co, K, Si (Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Jerome’s robe lining | ✓ | max refl 468 nm, min refl 584 nm, abs 1451 nm | Pb, K, Si | Ultramarine, lead white | ||
St Lawrence | Dark blue in border | ✓ | max refl 466 nm, min refl 595 nm, refl inflection 711 nm, abs 1451 nm | Pb, Fe, Ca, Co, K, Au, Hg, Si (Cu, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Light blue in border | ✓ | max refl 469 nm, min refl 595 nm, refl inflection 700 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, Ca, K, Cu, Si | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Dark blue collar | ✓ | max refl 470 nm, min refl 601 nm, refl inflection 711 nm | Ca, Fe, Ag, Co, K, Si (Cu, Pb, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, silver | ||
Dark blue robe design | ✓ | max refl 488 nm, min refl 590 nm, refl inflection 695 nm | Cu, Ca, Fe, K, Au, Hg, Co, Si (Pb, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, gold on copper green | ||
Initial G with The Nativity of the Virgin Mary | Dark blue in border | ✓ | max refl 466 nm, min refl 592 nm, abs 1451 nm | Pb, K, Fe, Co, Si (Ti, Mn, Al); one spot with Hg from nearby red field | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Light blue in initial | ✓ | n/a | Pb, Fe, Co, K, Si (Ti); Hg (one spot) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white (vermilion likely from verso) | ||
Virgin’s robe | ✓ | max refl 465 nm, min refl 597 nm, abs 1451 nm | Pb, Fe, Co, K, Si (Ti, Sn?) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | ||
Camaldolese Saint | Dark blue of initial | ✓ | max refl 469 nm, min refl 583 nm, slight abs 1449 nm | Pb, K, Co, Si (Al, Ti) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white | |
Light blue of initial | ✓ | n/a | Pb, Hg, K, Co, Si (Al) | Ultramarine, smalt, lead white (vermilion likely from verso) |