Fig. 1

a “Trapiche Meladero” (1890, accession number: Trapiche), b “Bodegón con guanábanas” (1890, accession number: CAM-1329,), c “Bodegón con aguacates y utensilios” (1890–91, accession number: CAM-1328), all painted by Francisco Oller (1833–1917), d “La Chula” (1895, accession number: 2004–005), e “Mujer en la Playa” (1897, accession number: 2004–007), both painted by José Cuchí y Arnau (1857–1925), and f “Rêverie d’amour” (1905, accession number: 2003–05–02), painted by Ramón Frade. Sampling locations are indicated by the red circles and associated with the cross-section (CS) and/or scraping (SCR) numbers