Heritage Science

Table 1 Quantitative EDS and µXRF point analyses for the dark and clear glasses

From: Major to trace element imaging and analysis of iron age glasses using stage scanning in the analytical dual beam microscope (tandem)

		Dark glass				Clear glass
	Oxide (kg/kg)	Mean		σ	n	Mean		σ	n
EDS	SiO₂	55.9	±	1.2	23	63.3	±	1.7	26
	TiO₂	2.0	±	0.2	23	0.1	±	0.1	26
	Al₂O₃	13.8	±	0.7	23	20.4	±	1.6	26
	Fe₂O₃^total	11.0	±	1.0	23	0.3	±	0.2	26
	MgO	3.3	±	0.2	23	0.2	±	0.0	26
	CaO	6.1	±	0.6	23	1.1	±	0.6	26
	Na₂O	3.6	±	0.2	23	5.4	±	0.2	26
	K₂O	2.1	±	0.5	23	7.3	±	0.5	26
	P₂O₅	0.8	±	0.2	23	0.1	±	0.0	26
	∑ e-beam	98.7				98.1
	∑ XRF oxides	1.128				0.399
	Total	99.8				98.5
	element (kg/kg)
µXRF	Cr	0.003	±	0.001	11	0.002			1
	Mn	0.253	±	0.020	20	0.028	±	0.016	26
	Cu					0.003			2
	Zn	0.016	±	0.003	20	0.006	±	0.0017	11
	Ga	0.004	±	0.002	20	0.005	±	0.0014	18
	Rb	0.015	±	0.002	20	0.032	±	0.018	26
	Sr	0.053	±	0.005	20	0.078	±	0.048	26
	Y	0.009	±	0.0012	20	0.001			2
	Zr	0.113	±	0.025	20	0.002	±	0.0004	11
	Nb	0.006	±	0.0009	20
	Ba	0.009	±	0.006	19	0.117	±	0.045	26
	Hf	0.011			2
	Pb					0.023			1
	Th	0.003			2	0.009			2

Major and minor elements performed by EDS standards-based analysis and trace elements by FP-based µXRF; uncertainties are listed at 1σ. EDS analyses expressed as kg oxide per kg glass (mass %) and µXRF analyses expressed as kg element per kg glass (mass %, × 10⁴ ppm) and total iron expressed as Fe₂O₃

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