Table 2 Weight % by element (average +/- standard deviation) for each pigment class used to generate synthetic spectra
Pigment class | H | C | O | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | K | Ca | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arsenic sulphides | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 ± 6 | – | – | – | – |
Bone black | 0 ± 0 | 10 ± 0 | 36 ± 1 | – | 3 ± 2 | – | – | 16 ± 0 | – | – | – | 35 ± 1 | – |
Chalk | – | 12 ± 0 | 48 ± 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 40 ± 0 | – |
Copper pigments | 2 ± 2 | 8 ± 3 | 42 ± 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gold | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Green earth | – | 0 ± 0 | 44 ± 1 | 0 ± 0 | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 2 | 26 ± 3 | 0 ± 0 | – | – | 6 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 1 ± 1 |
Gypsum | 2 ± 0 | – | 56 ± 0 | – | – | – | – | – | 19 ± 0 | – | – | 23 ± 0 | – |
Iron earth pigments | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 2 | 47 ± 5 | – | 1 ± 3 | 6 ± 6 | 16 ± 11 | – | 4 ± 6 | – | 1 ± 1 | 8 ± 10 | 0 ± 1 |
Lead–tin yellow | – | – | 13 ± 3 | – | – | – | 3 ± 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Lead pigments | 0 ± 0 | 2 ± 2 | 13 ± 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Naples yellow | – | – | 15 ± 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Smalt | – | – | 44 ± 2 | 0 ± 0 | – | 0 ± 0 | 33 ± 2 | – | – | – | 5 ± 5 | 1 ± 1 | – |
Ultramarine | – | – | 35 ± 12 | 11 ± 2 | 0 ± 0 | 17 ± 1 | 22 ± 2 | – | 6 ± 2 | 1 ± 1 | 3 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | – |
Umber | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 2 | 47 ± 5 | – | 1 ± 0 | 4 ± 2 | 15 ± 6 | 0 ± 0 | 2 ± 3 | – | 1 ± 0 | 2 ± 1 | – |
Vermilion | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 ± 0 | – | – | – | – |
Pigment class | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | As | Ag | Sn | Sb | Au | Hg | Pb | Bi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arsenic sulphides | – | – | – | – | – | 65 ± 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bone black | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Chalk | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Copper pigments | – | – | – | – | 48 ± 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gold | – | – | – | – | 0 ± 1 | – | 1 ± 1 | – | – | 99 ± 2 | – | – | – |
Green earth | 0 ± 0 | 16 ± 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gypsum | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Iron earth pigments | 0 ± 0 | 16 ± 13 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Lead–tin yellow | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 ± 6 | – | – | – | 68 ± 4 | – |
Lead pigments | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 85 ± 8 | – |
Naples yellow | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 32 ± 0 | – | – | 54 ± 0 | – |
Smalt | – | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 1 ± 0 | – | 8 ± 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 ± 1 |
Ultramarine | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Umber | 2 ± 3 | 25 ± 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Vermilion | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 86 ± 0 | – | – |