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Table 1 Summary of SOP findings in the colour charts of the Deutsches Farbenbuch, Part II (1925)

From: Analytical studies on commercial artists’ colour charts from Das Deutsche Farbenbuch (1925)—identification of synthetic and natural organic colourants by Raman microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and metal underlayer ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Analytical technique

SOP name

Colour index number

Chemical class

Discovery/first synthesis

Colour charts

Hue/s label

Main elements detected by XRF/

Information on admixture

Normal Raman spectroscopy

Pigment Red 1

12070

ß-Naphthol

1885

Siegle, oil colours

Moderot 3

S, Ba, Sr

Moderot 1

S, Ba, Zn

Pigment Red 3

12120

ß-Naphthol

1904

Neisch Temperafarben, Sorte 700, tempera colours

Echtrot deckend

Al, Si, Fe, Cd, Se

Admixture with cadmium red

Flamuco, tempera colours

Echtrot

Al, P, Ca, Ba

142 Heliorot I

Al, Ca, Cl, Pb, Zn, Hg, S

Admixture with vermilion

Rubensölfarben, oil colours

Echtrot deckend

Al, Si, Fe

Pigment Red 4

12085

ß-Naphthol

1906

Siegle, oil colours

Echthellrot PR

S, Ba, Sr

Pigment Red 40

12170

ß-Naphthol

1878

Siegle, oil colours

Dunkelbordeaux 30

S, Ba, Sr

Pigment Red 49

15630

ß-Naphthol

1899

Siegle, oil colours

Corallenrot 5

S, Ba, Zn

Corallenrot RCO

Ba, S

Pigment Red 54

14830

Monoazo

1910

Siegle I, oil colours

Carmoisinlack BL

Ba, S, Zn, Sr

Pigment Red 57 (PR57:1?)

15850

BONS (Ca?)

1903

Turm, watercolours

Karminlack

Al, Si, S, Ba, Fe, P

Acid Green 1/Pigment Green 12

10020/10020:1

Nitroso dye

1883

Turm, watercolours

Saftgrün blaulich,

S, Ba, Si, Fe, Pb

Saftgrün gelblich

Al, S, Ba (Fe not det.)

Indigo

73000

Indigoid

1878/80 (synth.)

Turm, watercolours

Indigo

S, Ca, Si, Al

Paynes grau

Al, Si, K, Ba, Fe

Admixture with Basic Violet 1 (see below)

Pelikan, watercolours

Indigo

Zn, Si, Cl

Paynes grau

Al, Si, P

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Carminic acid-based colourants

75470

Anthraquinone

1991 (synth.)

Turm watercolours

Krapplack, dunkel

Al, Si, S, Ba, Fe, P

Flamuco, watercolours

Karmin gebrant

P, Al, Ca

Admixture with alizarine and purpurin

Pelikan, watercolours

231 Carmin fein

Hg, S

Admixture with vermilion

Schoenfeld, watercolours

8 Karmin

Ba

Alizarin-based colourants

 

Anthraquinone

1868 (synth.)

Flamuco, watercolours

Krapplack, dunkel

P, Al, S, Ca, Ba

Karminlack

P, Al, Ca

Violetter lack

Na, Al, Si, S, P, Ca

Admixture with ultramarine blue

Karmin gebrant

P, Al, Ca

Admixture with carminic acid and purpurin

Bössenroth, tempera colours

125 Krapprosa I

Zn, Ba, S, Ca, P

129 Krapplack, dunkel I

Al, Si, P, Ca, Ba, S

138 Krapplack purpur I

Al, Si, P, Fe, Ca, Ba, S

Admixture with purpurin

Neisch, tempera colours

Krapplack tief

Al, Si, P, Fe

Pelikan, watercolours

Krapplack, dunkel (242)

Al, P, K, Ca, Pb

Schoenfeld, watercolours

Krapplack Alizarin hell (Nr.4)

Al, P, Ba

Acid Red 87/pigment Red 90

45430

Xanthene

1876

Turm, watercolours

Rosalack

Al, Ba, Pb, Fe, Br

   

Flamuco, tempera colours

Krapplack dunkel

Al, P, Ba, S, Ca

45380

Xanthene

1871

Amixture with Alizarine

Basic Red 5

50040

Azine

1849

Mussini, oil colours

Wurzel-Krapplack mittel Nr. 5

Fe, Pb, Al, P, S

Basic Violet 1 (or homologue)

42535

Triarylcarbonium

1861

Turm, watercolours

Payne’s grey

Al, Si, K, Ba, Fe in

Admixture with Indigo

Neutraltinte

S, Si

Siegle, oil colours

Oelviolett 970

Al, Si, Ba, Zn, Pb, Sr

Violett 6

Al, Si, Zn

Basic Violet 2 (or homologue)

42520

Triarylcarbonium

1889

Pelikan, watercolours

Neutraltinte rötlich

Si, P, Ba, S, Fe, Zn

Basic Violet 10 or Basic Violet 11

45170/45175

Xanthene

BV 10–1905/BV 11–(?)

Flamuco, tempera colours

Krapplack rosa

Al, P

Flamuco, watercolours

Paynes-grau

Ca, S, P, Al, Si

Admixture with ultramarine blue

Pigment Violet 5

58055

Anthraquinone

(?)

Turm, watercolours

Violett

Al, Si, S, Ba

Metal underlayer attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy

Pigment Yellow 1

11680

Monoazo

1909

Bössenroth, tempera colours

3 Echtgelb II

Zn, Ba, S, Sr

31 Indischgelb imit. II

Cr, Sr, Fe, Ca, Cd

Admixture with cadmium yellow and strontium chromate

  1. The findings are organized by the analytical technique successfully used for the identification of the colourant as main category and within this colour-wise. The confirmed presence of further pigments/dyes in admixture with the main colorant has been specified