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Table 2 Reference pigment powders

From: Hyperspectral imaging solutions for the non-invasive detection and automated mapping of copper trihydroxychlorides in ancient bronze

Pigment name

Formation

Company

XRD Result

Azurite (Kremer)

Natural

Kremer

Azurite 67% malachite 14% quartz 15% Muscovite 4%

Azurite (Tianya)

Natural

Tianya

Azurite 94% malachite 2% cuprite 2% quartz 2%

Malachite (Kremer)

Synthetic

Kremer

Malachite 100%

Malachite (Tianya)

Natural

Tianya Mineral & Pigment

Malachite 100%

Malachite (Sinopharm)

Synthetic

Sinopharm Chemical Reagent

Malachite 100%

Cu\(_2\)(OH)\(_3\)Cl (Buddha 317)

Natural

Sample Buddha 317 [16]

Atacamite 46%, clinoatacamite 54%

Cu\(_{2}\)(OH)\(_{3}\)Cl (Xiya)

Synthetic

Xiya Reagent

Atacamite 33%, paratacamite 28%, clinoatacamite 39%

Atacamite (Kremer)

Natural

Kremer

Atacamite 86%, quartz 14% \(^{*}\)

  1. \(^{*}\) Kaolin also detected through use of FTIR spectroscopy