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Table 2 Damage threshold fluences of the feathers using the Nd:YAG laser at 1064 and 532 nm

From: Investigating the potential of the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers for the cleaning of feathers: a pilot study

Bird species

Main colourant(s)

Colour

532 nm

1064 nm

Common wood pigeon

Melanin

Black/grey

 ≤ 0.2 J/cm2

 ≤ 0.6 J/cm2

Common magpie

Melanin

Iridescent dark brown/black

 ≤ 0.2 J/cm2

 ≤ 0.6 J/cm2

Blue and yellow macaw

Melanin Psittacofulvins

Iridescent

 ≤ 0.2 J/cm2

 ≤ 0.6 J/cm2

Green peacock

Melanin

Iridescent green

 ≤ 0.2 J/cm2

1.8 J/cm2

Amazon parrot

Psittacofulvins Melanin

Green

0.5 J/cm2

1.0 J/cm2

Yellow-crested cockatoo

Psittacofulvins

Yellow

 > 1.2 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

None

White

 > 1.2 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

Caribbean flamingo

Carotenoids

Dark pink

0.8—1 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

Light pink

 > 1.2 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

Unspecified species

Synthetic dye

Green

Light blue

Pink

Purple

 > 1.2 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

Red

Blue

0.5 J/cm2

 > 1.8 J/cm2

Down (unspecified species)

None

White

0.5 J/cm2

1.0 J/cm2